A Study of DMLs as a Full Range Speaker

Oh, by the way, anyone can make a speaker, a detailed guide.
Soil? Who would even think of that?

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@Andre Bellwood
I did not expect a shorting cap across one driver to produce an additional boost at those frequencies.
Let me be clear, it is not a boost in the idea to get really more HF. It is just a trick that restore the level of one exciter (where there is a suspicion of destroying interference of several exciters)
I have a cut-off density of around 100kg/m3. Beyond that the efficiency dies.
Yes for sure. I suggested plywood just as a test material for a better understanding of what happens, what can be expected from the exciters. The better HF result from the twinwall polycarbonate compare to EPS in itself a proof that our understanding is right : lighter material, higher efficiency, lower HF.
What's the solution to bandwidth vs efficiency??
The design of the exciter seems the only way... if there is a way. For exemple lower the inductance, increase the BL, reduce the mass ? If I remember, BMR engine has some pretty interesting features.
But I do not have sufficient math to model the curves either above nor below Fc, so I'm stuck measuring it all....
Don't give up! Finding the right academic paper have already help us to enter in unknown areas. Think to the topic just above. 2 years ago I had never said to be able to evaluate the low pass filters of a DML, to have some figures about efficiency neither to run some FEM or FDM simulation.
Christian
 
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@chdsl
Go all the way down that link. Everything is explained, without, of course, the word DML..., even the 2/5, 3/5 position is there, what else one needs?! Buy a few, and you are a speaker builder!
Ok we know the dark side... but I feel there is positive in you (don't call me "son" please!).
So take the positive and constructive side :
"Which proposal? which specifications? which technical solutions?"
 
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About 2m by .6 to .9m per panel is quite large in a room! are you living in a palace? Sorry for the joke, it is you choice.
EPS or plywood is a solution not a specification. No requirement about efficiency?
I already read you don't like the Dayton audio products. That's your choice also and opinion. From the range 60-12000Hz should we read your target is wider? With how many ways? Subwoofer assistance?
By the way a range depending on the load (=material?) is the nature of DML
Good that you said all this, rather than I. Someone had been mudding the water for so long about those 10W 25mm Dayton Audio exciters. :)

Oh, about my liking or not the Dayton Audio exciters, they are not made for any serious work. Sure, you can add a few of them on one panel, but all you get is bit more sound, not quality. On the question of frequency response, you just can't get more than the exciter is designed for, can you, when you add the load?

Soil? Who would even think of that?
And, stay away from those terrible patents!
And, that 2/5, 3/5 just like that YT guru.. :)
 
The better HF result from the twinwall polycarbonate compare to EPS in itself a proof that our understanding is right : lighter material, higher efficiency, lower HF.
I thought that the better HF from the polycarb twinwall was to do with it being a thinner, stiffer material. And it's non composite anisotropic.
I never considered the mere density could be the reason for better HF!
Here we go down another rabbit hole...
 
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Alright, something serious to ponder about.

As the DM radiator panel in the range of MF/HF is modal, saturating the original signal with modes generated by the DM exciter/emitter in a random order, can such radiation be called true, that is, repeating the original signal?
 
I thought that the better HF from the polycarb twinwall was to do with it being a thinner, stiffer material. And it's non composite anisotropic.
I never considered the mere density could be the reason for better HF!
Here we go down another rabbit hole...
I think that the compressive strength is a major factor. With low density eps for example, the very high accelerations at hf cause the foam to compress locally rather than follow the exciter movement. Also damping affects HF more than LF. I doubt it has to do with the density itself, I would expect low density to assist at HF with compressive strength and damping held constant.
 
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Lordtarquine.
Why use fixed points when you can use one measurement by moving the microphone for an average response?
Steve.
Steve,
I agree in principal with moving microphone concept. And it works if you use noise and an averaging RTA for the measurement. But many people normally use the frequency sweep mode in REW for frequency response measurements. Such a measurement gives a lot of detail like distortion, impulse response, wavelet spectrograms, etc, that you can't get from the moving microphone/RTA method. And, it calculates the filters needed for DSP adjustments automatically. I don't think REW can do that using the results of a moving mic/RTA measurement. (Can it?)

But if you try moving the mic during a REW frequency sweep test, you don't average the results, rather, you just get a result where the response at each frequency is from some random position, which is obviously not what you want.

So I think the averaging of multiple sweep measurements makes sense from the standpoint that you can (I think) average the results and let REW derive the dsp filters from the average. (Somebody correct me if I wrong, I don't have/use DSP myself).

Probably it would be good practice to follow up with a moving mic/RTA measurement to double check the frequency response after making any dsp corrections.

Eric
 
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Well, a DML would never reach full range by itself, even if you made the exciter yourself. Max it would reach is low-HF and high-LF, quite questionable with commercially available exciters currently. All commercial DML makers help their products with twitters and subwoofers. One maker claims that they had created a panel sub, though.
 
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If you are old enough, you don't need tweeters, 12kHz is plenty.
But, can you even go there with DAEX25CT 10W exciters?

And, it'll be a Study of DML as a Full Range Speaker for the elderly. :)
The panel is not the main problem here, but the exciter. That's why the commercial DML makers make pupose-built exciters for their products. Those exciters are not for sale to the general public.
AER also is a DML maker, claims their exciters reach 40-30000hz.
The AER bbx exciter just touches the panel only at one point.
 
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Excuse me butting in on your conversation, but please correct me if I'm wrong...
It seems to me that there are various types of inertial points on any DML panel, the question is merely what those inertial points' mechanical impedances are:

The first 'mounting point' could be the driver since this is what imparts the driving signal to the panel in order to set it in motion. Whether the driver is fastened to a mounting point itself or not is of no mathematical consequence. If the driver is mounted via a very stiff strut to the frame, then its Zm (mechanical impedance) will be low. If it's mounted free, fastened to the panel only by sticky pads and nothing else, then its Zm is inversely proportional to frequency (high Zm at low frequencies, and low Zm at high frequencies.) Of course one would expect the designers (Dayton? Tectonic?) to design the drivers in such a way that their lowest usable frequency (WHEN MOUNTED TO A PANEL) would be below the product of its own weight and the compliance of its own spider/surround.
Keep in mind that the driver 'mounting point' should exclude gravity IF bolted to a beam, otherwise the weight of the magnet eventually plays havoc with the position of the voice coil in the pole gap.

The second is the question of the panel frame.
IF the panel is clamped to a frame, then there could be multiple inertial points corresponding to the positions of the clamps (which do not need to be along the edges of the panel!) But the frame position could also be considered an infinite inertial point if the whole perimeter is clamped equally.
And then the compliance of the clamps needs to be considered—Do the clamps allow limited, linear movement, (Zm = x)? or are they solid, allowing no movement (Zm = 0)? or are there no clamps at all (Zm = ∞)?

The third case is those where individual weights are applied to various positions on the panel. These are also 'inertial points' of a kind, and just like the driver, their Zm also becomes inversely proportional to frequency—Such weights will be relatively inactive below a certain frequency (and will simply move along with the motion provided via the panel), and will provide only an additional mass to the panel up to a higher frequency at which the weight becomes resonant with the panel material. And it's at that physical position where the added mass acts like a Helmholtz resonator, and will suck out the offending antinode, and then provide an effective inertial (mounting) point above its resonance with Zm=0. The thing is to identify that specific part of the panel which is resonating at the offending frequency, and applying the correct mass AND compliance in order to damp it correctly. It's not just a case of gluing a washer to the panel at a supposed Eigenmode (which will provide a very high Q notch with a very sharp dip) nor is it a case of randomly adding a pieces of weather tape across the panel (a low-Q solution randomly targeting something or other, without knowing what or where the Eigenmodes actually are.)

I do apologize if this all sounds like a lecture. I'm not quite sure of my logic around the third case as I'm muddling along via intuition and common sense. If anybody can add solid backup to refute my assumptions, then I'll listen closely.
Phew!
I was really only referring to Steve's drawing and assuming the mounting points were essentially rigid, or at least super damped..essentially infinite masses, and hence blocking panel movement at those locations, and therefore really not weighted points in terms of panel operation in the normal sense of the term.
Eucy
 
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On the 25mm CT type 10W exciters Dayton Audio sells today, they say,
View attachment 1136631

Do you think is it possible to make 20-20000Hz DM panels with such a weak exciter? Even with 4 exciters à la Tectonic DML500?
No. Most exciters start dropping like a rock below 100hz. This is why I recommend using a conventional cone powered subwoofer for frequencies below 100hz.
 
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Yep... And tinnitus helps😁...oddly though, even though I'm HF compromised in frequency tests, I can hear the difference in music... I've read about this phenomenon before... It's something to do with harmonics
Eucy
I’ve heard that too, but I doubt it. Harmonics go in the other direction. It takes non-linearity to introduce eg period doubling rather than frequency doubling, and that would probably not be a good thing. Sure it’s not marketing hype from supertweeter sellers?