transistor amp not working after shorting output

You should have probes for your meter that plug in banana jacks on the meter face. These probes have extended plastic covers to protect your hands from high voltages (>25). You touch the probes to the legs of the transistor or diode, in circuit.
Modern meters sold in stores have shortened the metal part of the probe as to be abolutely useless for medium voltage electronics. 1 mm tip will not reach anything but 480 VAC terminals in factory electrical panels. These longer probes should not be used above 240 volts. Do not use exposed metal probes in saltwater environments like ships & beaches. My last source parts-express.com has stopped stocking exposed metal probes, thus bowing to the wishes of the lawyers who wish to punish everybody that ever repairs anything. Lawyers want all products sent directly to the dump or authorized electronics recycling center (for money).
 

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Testing a live circuit can be safe if you limit the energy with a light bulb limiter, don't probe the AC mains area before the transformer, and use only one hand. Alligator clip leads can be used in the AC mains area as long as you put the alligator clips on the mains voltage wiring BEFORE you turn on the power and do not touch them while power is live.
 
If the amplifier draws 60W at 110V, it will still draw 60W if rewired its transformer to 220V.
However, P =V x I ( I = P / V )
A 60W/110V bulb consumes 0.55A current at 110V, and a 60W/220V bulb consumes approximately 0.27A current at 220V mains voltage.
The purpose of connecting a 60W/220V bulb in series to the amplifier is to limit the maximum current draw to 0.27A to protect your amplifier.
 
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