Agreed about the impulse over-hang and the damping problems. I think the rule-of-thumbsuck is that the more damping you have, the less efficient the panel is.
I THNK that multiple exciters strategically placed on a small panel, and crossed over at a frequency related to the panel size, will go a long way to reducing decay times. I need to test this.
Yes, in general I think more damping is less efficient, but I think when you have completely undampened panels they can start vibrating in a way that cancels the actual internal wave in the plate material.
So in my tests at least, a slightly dampened panel tends to be louder that a completely free hanging panel.
Leob,
It seems so obvious that damping would reduce the sound level that I think many people are inclined to assume it must be true. But the literature suggests that the opposite is actually true.
From this:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272518312_Radiation_efficiency_of_damped_plates
And here
:
Basically, these sources show that between the fundamental frequency (the first hump in the efficiency curve), and the critical frequency (the second hump in the curve), increasing damping not only increases efficiency, but reduces the spikes and dips in the efficiency as well.
I should note that "damping/loss factor" being referred to in these papers is internal damping in the panels themselves, and not damping at the boundaries. But other sources suggest that damping at the boundaries has a similar effect.
For myself, I'm not yet even convinced that there is such a thing as "too much" much damping. I've seen nothing in the literature to suggest it. The challenge however, especially with respect to internal damping in the panel, may be introducing sufficient damping in a way that doesn't significantly decrease its stiffness or increase its weight, either of which does reduce sound output.
Adding damping at the boundaries, on the other hand, at least doesn't hurt panel stiffness or increase panel weight. But whether or not boundary damping is as effective as internal damping I have to wonder....
Eric
Hi Leob,
Before being in the IR, the qualities of DML are the way the sound is radiated to the room (almost no directivity even in HF), the coherence along the frequency range (one source, no crossover). It is said also to be less sensitive to the room being a diffusive dipole.
FR and IR are the 2 sides of the same coin. A wide and smooth FR has a short IR. Long tail IR means there is some energy lasting in the system so some peaks somewhere in the FR (see #4558 and before ). The question might be is there a limit in that? I mean a kind of shortest IR, below it, the magic doesn't exist.
For the damping, as also mentionned by Eric, the relation to the efficiency is not obvious too me. I'm even not sure to be able to give a definition of damping everybody will agree on. Ripple (or smoothness) of the FR which results from the panel and its suspension, energy absorption of the panel material itself which is probably frequency dependent and play on how far a wave travel.
Christian
Some reading (I don't remember having seeing it here before) about countermeasure in the voice coil internal area : EP3101911A1
2 extracts that speak by themselves for the one having already deal with the topic.
2 extracts that speak by themselves for the one having already deal with the topic.
Christian.
I have seen these responses in fig 8 many times over the years.
The aluminium panel is already well damped in the central area by the glue holding the 2 aluminium sheets together.
The response in the central area is very dependent on the panel material used.
I personally would not use this method to try and damp the central area , but it does work , as shown.
I tried similar methods years ago, but did not like the way it affected the sound.
Steve.
I have seen these responses in fig 8 many times over the years.
The aluminium panel is already well damped in the central area by the glue holding the 2 aluminium sheets together.
The response in the central area is very dependent on the panel material used.
I personally would not use this method to try and damp the central area , but it does work , as shown.
I tried similar methods years ago, but did not like the way it affected the sound.
Steve.
so if this is true, wouldnt it make sense to reinforce xps or eps with glass fiber or even carbon fiber? would be cheap to make too
I think I might be using the wrong term. I was interested in the impulse response and resonances, so your charts were really useful.
I don't think I understand this. I would have assumed you'd want to keep time-domain smearing to a minimum, unless you're treating the speaker more like an instrument (which is perfectly valid of course)?
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we can use those equations and easily calculate the optimal parameters for our materials used.
also the second link mentions that the efficiency of the bending waves is determined by the sound speed in the material we can vary the thickness of the xps plate quite easily to match our needed profile
Sorry anyone other than tectonic has ever used carbon and nomex panels? if there is any video about it?
Anton,
In principle, yes. I'm not sure if eps or xps has enough shear stiffness to be a good core material, but you could try it.
I do think that a lightweight core reinforced with fiberglass (FG) or carbon fiber (CF) skins is a good way to go. Tectonic uses CF over a nomex core, and Goebel uses CF (or FG) over end grain balsa, so they seem to agree.
That said, I think it's very easy with such composites to make something that is actually much too stiff. My best result so far with a composite panel is using a 1.6 mm balsa core with 0.25 mm CF skins, and even that is on the border of being too stiff. Likely the next composite I try will be similar but with a core and skins that are half as thick as that.
Eric
Regarding the coupling of plate and air, if the speed of sound inside the plate is crucial to couple to air but the speed of sound is dependend on the frequency wouldnt it be possible to vary the thickness of xps plates to get areas with different speed of sound? very easy to do with xps.
anton,
For sure, there are equations we can and should use to guide our selection of materials.
Eric
Hello Drkmatr,
The charts I shown are very easy to get with REW. I posted somewhere before a modest REW tuto to help on that if you need.
I think the second sentence is from Leob? I think it points the fact DML are the search of a trade off between 2 thinks :
- the target of a minimal smearing which is the time equivalence of a smooth FR
- the nature of DML based on modes which by themselves are peaks in frequency so long in the time domain.
Where DML are really strange is that we can get very pleasant listening with no nice FR.
By the way, FR of pistonic speakers are not so nice in a real room... but pistonic speakers can claim nice FR in the axis in an anechoic room. Tough reality.
Christian
Hello Anton
I am just thinking about the same idea. Somewhere in this thread there are papers about "black holes". There is also a patent explaining that the key point of a bending wave panel is to offer a spacial aperture (limited dimensions) so that it can radiate sound and not having standing waves. The patent proposes different solutions to adapt the panel at the edges. I can say I have a full understanding of this patent but currently I am wondering why almost all the edges of panels terminates in a rectangular shape? The balck hole topic is pointed in the history file I posted before. Here is the patent : WO2002013575A1
The post #1484 from Veleric about it
Christian
hi and good morning everyone
I bought a 50x40 cm carbon / nomex panel for a total thickness of 3.8mm, I would like to try it with exciters, you could recommend the best and most powerful on the market and maybe in your opinion how many I need to take to maximize power.
Thank you all
I bought a 50x40 cm carbon / nomex panel for a total thickness of 3.8mm, I would like to try it with exciters, you could recommend the best and most powerful on the market and maybe in your opinion how many I need to take to maximize power.
Thank you all
How thick are the carbon skins?
The premade plates I have seen have a very thick skin compared to what Tectonic use. Optimally it should probably be a few tenths of millimetres, not like most premade plates which are a mm or more.
That doesn't mean it will sound bad necessarily, but it will reduce efficiency a lot.
When it comes to how much exciter power a plate can handle, I haven't managed to push any hard enough get to the point where the plate is the limitation. I use 4x40w exciters (DAEX30HESF-4) per plate because that is the most powerful exciters I could find with low HF inductance, and hence good FR. Using amps that should deliver double that in RMS I pushed them to the max for many hours on end and the exciters didn't even get lukewarm and plates held up sounding clear and undistorted.
I'm not sure it seems worth using even more exciters per plate, so unless you can find exciters that can handle more power, I would say total rated power of 160w RMS per plate is the maximum, but you can probably push them harder than rating.
hello and thanks for the reply, the thickness of the carbon is 0.3mm + HoneyComb 3mm, I paid 85 euros.
I will follow your advice for exciters, if there are no more powerful. Then if all goes well I would like to get a suitable amplifier with DSP to equalize the whole thing. I accept any suggestions
pixel1
I agree with Leob that the skins should only be a few tenths of mm thick. So yours may indeed be a good find. Did you buy it online, and if so, do you have a link you could share? I'd be interested to see if they give any more details (density, etc).
Eric
Mostly I've been building individual speakers as one-off prototypes that get mesaured and then disassembled. But I decided I like the "high aspect ratio" concept enough to go ahead and build up a permanent pair. The main objective really was just to make a pair of working speakers for my basement speaker "lab". Since they werent going to be "on display" in our main living area, my original plan was to not work too hard on the finishing/woodworking aspects, and just kind of throw together a half decent looking pair. In the end, however, I spent a lot more time on the finishing aspects, and now I'm not sorry I did since I'm pretty pleased with how they turned out.
Eric
Here are a few pics from the construction:
Eric
Here are a few pics from the construction: