A Study of DMLs as a Full Range Speaker

Moray.
The crate ply is a very flexible panel , in one direction only.
Although the rigidly in the other direction is not very rigid.
I presume this material is similar , maybe, to flexible ply ?
As I have said before, I like flexible light panels.
The sound of this panel is similar to my eps panels, but is still a little too heavy for that ultimate sound that I like.
And thanks for liking my recordings, much appreciated 👍
Steve.
 
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Steve: I look forward to the results of our experiments. I had another thought about your comments on thicker EPS panels getting in the way of the high frequency energy emanating from the exciter. This may or may not be original but that's ok. Here are a couple of ways to make sure that the exciter energy is transferred evenly from the rear of a thick panel to the front. First one id to mark accurately on the back side of the panel exactly where the exciter mount is going to be, once done you would mark out lets say eight evenly spaced points on that circle where the VC former will sit, At these point you would insert penny nails (the kind with a flat head). To do this you would drill a hole the next size larger than the nail, then yu would insert some epoxy into the hole and then fit the nails into the hole. The nails should be long enough to reach as far as the front of the panel. This will provide a direct transmission line for the high frequency to penetrate the foam panel and should result in more high frequency being emitted on the front side of the panel, you might not require a tweeter hard to say.
The second way to do this is to use a hole saw which is the same diametre as the exciter VC. Once again the centre of the desired location needs to be marked on the back side of the panel. Once marked use the hole saw to drill out a plug from the panel. Carefully remove the plug from the hole saw and then with epoxy re -install the plug back into the panel. The saw has a kerf so the plug will be smaller than the hole by the thickness of the saw itself, this gap between the plug and the panel will be filled with epoxy which will turn into a hard cylinder which will serve the same purpose as the nails in the above suggestion.
This would be a good place to consider using add mixtures to your epoxy to harden it such as graphite powder or diatomaceous earth. Hope this is of interest.
 
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Jaxboy.
Just remembered I took some frequency plots just showing the whizzer increase in the 2k to 10k area.
It sounds much better than it looks, honest😀
And if you have hearing problems this could be a plus benefit.
I have heard hi end audio that sounds bright but also painful sometimes.
It's nice to have the brightness without the pain 😁
The trouble with whizzer cones is trying to match the efficiency of the whizzer to the panel for a flat frequency response for general use,( no volume control ).
Steve.
I am just guessing but I think that you could control the level of a whizzer via the degree of coupling it has to the panel. A hard coupling ought to translate into a higher energy transfer while decoupling the whizzer cone by using a softer coupling should decrease the energy transfer from the panel resulting in a more subdued level from the Whizzer. Does that seem reasonable?
 
Here's what I'm using at gigs. That's 4x20w drivers per side. I've taken off the bracing that supports the drivers since this is a temporary setup.
I drove them very hard last night, red-lining 150w per side, and I noticed that the drivers do not heat up the same. Some get really hot, while others just get a bit warm.
I suspect that the drivers sitting on panel modes at low frequencies get a lot of voice coil movement, and hence cooling, while those on nodes don't move so much, and over-heat.
suppose you could add a heat sink(s) to the back of the hot motors they don't have to weigh very much, or see if you can find locations which work as well but don't get as hot.
 
toddincabo.
i am waiting to hear the results of my 10watt exciters before deciding how many fhe25-4 i need.
in the meantime i did a recording of my canvas panels with cling film on the front surface.
they have plenty of detail and sound very nice.
the exciters are not braced at the back yet, so hopefully i will be able to turn them up a bit more, but i think they are good enough to let my friend have a listen to them and see what he thinks.
if he likes them i can build him something more to his needs, he has not a clue what to expect as yet.
steve.
wow Steve that sounded excellent. So can you tell me what the spacing is between the film and the canvas and how you space the film (is it air tight))? How do you keep the film from rattling? kling film is a very generic description but generally they are a stretch type soft film have you tried any different films? I know from experience that stretch and shrink films are not reliable so far as long term stability go but for the moment that is not a concern.
do the exciters on these panels have ply supporters under them? These sound very good Stece these make me re-think other panels these are so simple to build.
 
frubdoo.
sorry for the delay i have been having problems with my phone and the computer as usual did an update and crashed.
this panel is 11inches x 9inches ,i used a brick wall OX at 100hz to block any low frequencies .
i would use the points i have placed the weights to mount the spine ,probably just the two large weights(areas) will do.
this would be the cheapest and easiest to build for testing and probably more robust than the canvas panel suggested by jaxboy.
but you could always glue it to a panel if more LF is needed t a later date ?
the dog started barking ,but i decided to leave it in as it gives more of an idea as to the volume.
this is the left channel only so may sound a little odd?
it would be interesting to know how you get on, and if it is successful ,which ever type of panel you choose to do.
steve.
Steve is this one of the crate ply panels?
 
Duede,

Concerning thickness:
  1. Interestingly, efficiency is virtually independent of thickness. Efficiency is determined by the ratio of stiffness to areal mass^3. Since stiffness is proportional to thickness^3 and areal mass^3 is proportional to thickness^3 the two cancel each other, and efficiency is independent of thickness. Note, also that for good efficiency, stiffness is good, and low density is really good. Hence, high modulus, low density materials are ideal. Wood is pretty decent in this respect, and sandwich composites with stiff skins and light cores can be better. Polystyrene foam (EPS or XPS) is particularly good in this respect, although there are differences of opinion concerning sound quality with PS foam panels. Some love it some hate it.
  2. The lowest frequency you can expect to get from a panel will be determined by it's fundamental flexural frequency. For a given aspect ratio, boundary conditions and elastic modulus (or moduli in the case of anisotropic materials), the fundamental frequency (and all the natural frequencies for that matter) scale in proportion to thickness divided by area. Hence, a thinner panel will let you achieve the same fundamental frequency with a smaller panel. But also realize that just because your panel has a particular fundamental frequency doesn't mean you'll necessarily get output down to that frequency. The boundary conditions have to be right, and the exciters need to be capable at that frequency too. Boundaries approaching simple supports are better for getting output at the fundamental than free boundaries.
  3. Thickness also influences the panel's "coincidence" frequency. The coincidence frequency is the frequency at which the speed of the panel's flexural bending wave equals the speed of sound in air. At this frequency, and above, the panel will start "beaming" in the plane of the panel. Coincidence frequency is inversely proportional to thickness, so using a thinner panel may be better in this respect, as you may be able to push this coincidence effect up to or beyond the audible region. But in practice this seems to be an effect which does not seem to be as objectionable as you might think, and perhaps not worth worrying too much about.
Hope this helps,
Eric
Eric in section #3 you mention the coincidence frequency being higher in thin panels. /what happens in a case when the panel is for example one inch EPS but the panel is gradually tapered to the edges to lets say 1/4 inch thick?
 
suppose you could add a heat sink(s) to the back of the hot motors they don't have to weigh very much, or see if you can find locations which work as well but don't get as hot.
I guess it is the same as with a regular speaker elements. Some even make liquid cooled elements, but when compared to perceived volume, temperature will rise very suddenly. 3dB more volume, and they have to handle double the power, so probably adding heat sinks will make a very marginal effect in how loud you can play before overheating. You probably have to make them nitrogen cooled to make a significant difference, and that is if they don't start distorting or reaching xmax before they melt in that case :)

In pro audio when trying to get as much output as possible from each element, a more common solution to the problem nowadays is having a temperature sensor that will limit the voltage to avoid overheating. That way you can make sure to squeeze every last dB out of each element without melting them. It is cheaper then advanced cooling, and in practice it more efficient to first make sure you can confidently use every last dB, rather than increasing the dB that can be produced.

I think in this case the question is really about why some exciters get hotter then other with a multi-exciter setup. I destroyed a couple of plates driving them too hard and then the styrofoam had melted more behind some exciters, but not sure if there was a pattern as to which. But I did constantly check temps and did not notice that some exciters started heating up before others. After playing with the same output level all night all exciters was cool, and then suddenly after changing DJ in early morning, although mixer output was looking fine and apparent volume seemed the same, I noticed the exciters getting warm, and really hot on a couple of plates with too much epoxy.

So if there is a effect where some exciters get hotter in a multi exciter setup, it is either avoidable with a centre cluster or the effect is very marginal and will not affect the power handing of the plates in a significant way.
 
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toddincabo.
i am waiting to hear the results of my 10watt exciters before deciding how many fhe25-4 i need.
in the meantime i did a recording of my canvas panels with cling film on the front surface.
they have plenty of detail and sound very nice.
the exciters are not braced at the back yet, so hopefully i will be able to turn them up a bit more, but i think they are good enough to let my friend have a listen to them and see what he thinks.
if he likes them i can build him something more to his needs, he has not a clue what to expect as yet.
steve.
Steve would you please share the info on this speaker? Canvas size, exciter model and if the exciter has a mounting plat if so what material and dimensions and how you mounted the cling film please. These for me are going to be the first of your small panel designs that I want to build to have as a reference. These sound simply stunning to me. Thank you for posting.
 
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I am not sure you will enjoy doing that on a mill , the plys will grab and rip out , it will bulge up with heat and grab the cutters even if you have ceramic inserts , maybe try an orbital sander with #240 and take off half of a ply thickness in a radius around the outside perimeter ?
The panadol consumption might cost more than the job.
find a shop with a thickness sander and have them and it to the desired thickness.
 
Of course! What I meant by posting it was “look even with this heavy wood, the ortho planar spring is effective, apart from that dip at 4khz (which is a resonance I can deal with shortly) the spl of the high and low frequencies is quite level”

Without it, I see a dip of about 10-15 decibels for higher frequencies.


So what I have found is that for light materials like 1.5mm basswood sheets, the spring shape that works for harder materials like the walnut won’t work. And visa versa. It needs to be cut so that it has enough stiffness to transfer the frequencies below somewhere in the range of 2khz - 5khz, but keep the frequencies above on the springs center area.

I happened to make the spring too mobile, I tested adding a layer of rubber over the spring wanting to reduce its movement.
This is how I ended up with the neoprene gasket over the springs arms.
The resonances are very high in the arms, but adding the rubber over them took a majority of that away.

Suddenly the monolithic wooden panel has a high frequency area of movement, and a dampening layer to reduce those high frequency resonances, and then the monolithic area around the spring for the low frequencies.

It’s been a very repeatable experiment
have you considered coatings on the spring area such as PVA without and or with additives such as graphite powder or diatomaceous earth or coating with shellac?
 
Hello Eucy,
I used what I had... coins of 0.5, 1 and 2€ which are 7.5g to 8.5g... nothing highly scientific.

Next planned step is to test solutions do give an escape way to the air trapped between the membrane and the magnet. Air that flows through the voice coil and then the back. I would like to see the impact on this 2.5k hump and on the HF extension. For now, I don't see the dome as a solution to the 2.5k hump. For the HF extension, I don't see other solution with PP than a tweeter. To follow

Good to know. The connection of the external face of the corrugated PP to internal face which is driven by the exciter seems "weak". So why not. Next time in a DIY store, I will have a look to PU foam.
Christian
have you considered routing an X grid of shallow cuts into the area of the exciter mount surface which extend just past the vc mount so air can vent there at the back side of the panel. even it it makes a little noise you are not going to hear that from the front side. just a thought.
 
Steve would you please share the info on this speaker? Canvas size, exciter model and if the exciter has a mounting plat if so what material and dimensions and how you mounted the cling film please. These for me are going to be the first of your small panel designs that I want to build to have as a reference. These sound simply stunning to me. Thank you for posting.
Thank you for your kind words.
I'm glad you liked the "stunning" sound this panel produces .
I have videos of this panel (I think) on YouTube, but not construction.
That is on this forum somewhere 🤔
This is a very easy build panel, as all the hard work is done for you.
I purchased the canvas panel from my local diy arts store.
I purchased 4 panels on special offer, for a ridiculously low price.
Did you read the patent of this type of panel?
The polythene helps take this panel to the next level of detailed sound.
Steve.
 
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Hi moray.
Is this the correct (preferred)name for you ?
You have to remember that I have not been experimenting with dml panels for about a year now.
At the time I had about 4 different projects on the go.
Mainly to improve rigid heavy panels, for other people.
I found it fun solving these problems.
I had put my very light eps on hold for this reason
You have been bringing up old footage and recordings on this thread which I had but forgotten about.
Christian has been tempting me to start experimenting again (my wife will be very happy, NOT !)
I am very happy to continue to talk on PM or other methods for advice but it takes a lot to get me moving in my room again.
I can't remember, but did you post the patent with grooves cut into the panels and panel strengthening in this area ?
Steve.
 
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Thank you for your kind words.
I'm glad you liked the "stunning" sound this panel produces .
I have videos of this panel (I think) on YouTube, but not construction.
That is on this forum somewhere 🤔
This is a very easy build panel, as all the hard work is done for you.
I purchased the canvas panel from my local diy arts store.
I purchased 4 panels on special offer, for a ridiculously low price.
Did you read the patent of this type of panel?
The polythene helps take this panel to the next level of detailed sound.
Steve.
if you have a link or the patent number you mentioned I would appreciate reading it. thanks.
 
Hi moray.
Is this the correct (preferred)name for you ?
You have to remember that I have not been experimenting with dml panels for about a year now.
At the time I had about 4 different projects on the go.
Mainly to improve rigid heavy panels, for other people.
I found it fun solving these problems.
I had put my very light eps on hold for this reason
You have been bringing up old footage and recordings on this thread which I had but forgotten about.
Christian has been tempting me to start experimenting again (my wife will be very happy, NOT !)
I am very happy to continue to talk on PM or other methods for advice but it takes a lot to get me moving in my room again.
I can't remember, but did you post the patent with grooves cut into the panels and panel strengthening in this area ?
Steve.