A Study of DMLs as a Full Range Speaker

Christian,
I'm thinking now that the variation in SPL that I observed was indeed due to room effects rather than lobing, as you suggested. I put the speaker on a turntable and rotated it slowly from -90 to +90 degrees and didn't sense anywhere near the variation in SPL that I had observed with the speaker stationary and just moving my head around to different places.
I did some sweeps for you at various angles at the same time. I'm on a trip now for the week but will share the files with you when I get back home next week. How do you think the CF might be revealed in the Spectrogram slice at 0 seconds?
Eric
Hello Eric,
The lobbing of the DML is expected by the theory.
There is a trace of it in the Tectonic papers. Those measurements are from an anechoic chamber.
When we get a measurement in a room with REW with a standard FFT, the observation time is defined by a window. If the window it "too long", some reflections will enter into it which will mask the CF. If the window is set to reject the reflection, the frequency resolution is then reduced like by a smoothing.
The principle of wavelets is a bit different. The IR is analyzed thanks to a specific signal. For all the frequencies, this shape of this signal is the same. It is the duration which changes. The general shape is defined by a so called "mother wavelet" which is scaled (compressed in time or dilated).
The consequence of that is observation time decreases when the frequency increases. For a wavelet of 1/6 of octave (a wavelet is like a bandpass filter), the observation window is maybe 5 or 6 periods (to be checked). For a 1/3 of octave, it will be less. For a 1/9, more.
So by nature, the wavelet is a good way to reduce the observation time when the frequency increases.
As the CF is expected at some kHz, my hypothesis is it is high enough for the reflections to be rejected.
In the the time to frequency transformation, it is known that it is not possible to be precise in time and in frequency. The wavelets offer an excellent performance in this time/frequency compromise.
Christian
 
Eric
I've been mulling over forced vibration simulation.
If a plate was meshed into 25 mm squares and a transient load modelled to make a square wave approximation of a sinusoid, then applied to one of the 25x25 faces for a few seconds, then a transient modal analysis carried out, would it be worth the effort. ?
Eucy,
I do. Do you think you can?
Eric
 
Leob,
I was trying to recreate the results you shared in that post, but couldn't quite come up with a match. Can you share more detail of that result? What was the size and location of the suspension points you used? And what were the plate dimensions and properties? It's not that I suspect you did anything wrong, or anything like that. I'm just curious why I can't reproduce it. I can get results looking really similar to the 2nd to 9 modes, but not the 1st and 10th.
Eric
Thickness 0.025, Young's 30 MPa, Poisson's 0.3 and density 25

Perhaps I'm doing the displacement in a bad way, but since I cannot have that many nodes in the free version, I have only fixed the edge nodes and not an area. It is a very rough approximation, but due to the low resolution, if I would select a couple of complete quads the area would be too big instead:
1709830150842.png
 
Hello Eric,
The lobbing of the DML is expected by the theory.
There is a trace of it in the Tectonic papers. Those measurements are from an anechoic chamber.
When we get a measurement in a room with REW with a standard FFT, the observation time is defined by a window. If the window it "too long", some reflections will enter into it which will mask the CF. If the window is set to reject the reflection, the frequency resolution is then reduced like by a smoothing.
The principle of wavelets is a bit different. The IR is analyzed thanks to a specific signal. For all the frequencies, this shape of this signal is the same. It is the duration which changes. The general shape is defined by a so called "mother wavelet" which is scaled (compressed in time or dilated).
The consequence of that is observation time decreases when the frequency increases. For a wavelet of 1/6 of octave (a wavelet is like a bandpass filter), the observation window is maybe 5 or 6 periods (to be checked). For a 1/3 of octave, it will be less. For a 1/9, more.
So by nature, the wavelet is a good way to reduce the observation time when the frequency increases.
As the CF is expected at some kHz, my hypothesis is it is high enough for the reflections to be rejected.
In the the time to frequency transformation, it is known that it is not possible to be precise in time and in frequency. The wavelets offer an excellent performance in this time/frequency compromise.
Christian
@Veleric :
Hello Eric
I made a test on measurements yesterday... I was not able to find the CF... If the long window FR of a panel is not too bad, the short time FR seem messy. Let me know from your tests.
Christian
 

I was actually wondering if the damping provided by the glue layers isn't actually the reason "Sureply" plywood sounds better (to me anyway) than XPS or foamcore (xps with paper skin) or gatorfoam (xps with fiberboard skins).
I was very surprised, I must admit, that the plywood sounded better than gatorfoam. Conventional wisdom would say that the lighter, stiffer gatorfoam would make a better DML panel. I was really eager to get some and hear it. Well the gatorfoam is certainly louder. But the plywood sound seems more realisitic (to both me and my wife) than gatorfoam.
I sure hope I find something better than the plywood, but so far it's the best I've heard.
Wood veneer is available in 1/28 if an inch thickness you could veneer the front and back side of a foamcore art board or the gatorfoam board. You could use a dense hardwood veneer or try Douglas fir or northern grown spruce as they are used in instruments but my guess (and it is just my guess) is that hard and dens is the goal here. forgive me for entering into this so late in the day. I have begun to red from post number one and this is my first comment.
 
The transducer aka exciter will determine if it has pistonic capabilities not the panel materials weight. All "FULL RANGE", exciters will play at modal modes for the mid to high frequencies but not all full range exciters will have pistonic motion. Only the exciters with high excursion will be pistonic to a degree. Most full range exciters drop off like a rock after 100hz for the mere fact that most exciters are not pistonic like conventional cone speakers.

To pressurize air from a diaphragm it must be focused. Surrounds are use to dampen the edges so the sound energy is not released at the edges instead the sound is pressurized only on the diaphragm itself. Damping stops the energy from being released at the edges and wasted.

Have you ever heard a conventional cone driver WITHOUT its surround on? Well I have and it sounds awful because the energy is being released at its sides instead of being pressurized on the cone area. Without any type of damping at the edges some energy will be released at the edges instead of all the energy being focused on the front or back of the diaphragm.

Using damping does reduce some energy loss in sound levels but the rewards out weigh that slight loss in spl. If the rewards didn't out weight that slight loss of energy then all conventional cone speakers wouldn't use surrounds on there drivers because all surrounds dampen a diaphragm to a degree. Rounding of corners is different from edge dampening. We are not trying to REINVENT the wheel as there is specific basic foundations one must adhere by if you want good sounding loudspeakers.
would using adhesive back foam on both side of a panels edges to interface with a frame offer and benefit to using just a single layer do you think?
 
Carbon fiber composites is not the same as Honeycomb (paper/Kevlar) composites so they are not going to sound the same. Like I said before with certain materials the down fall is the cost. It wouldn't be to bad if one had already perfected there design with the more costly materials but to do experiments and fail will surely cost you a lot. One of the reasons for the huge hike in price of commercialized speakers is the experimentation (research and development) process which could cost in the hundreds of thousands to even a million and some of that cost will be passed on to the consumer. Personally I spent over 2k in experiments but my final product design only cost me around $200.00 pair (or less) to build. If I knew back then what I know now I would have saved me a whole lot of money. lol

Compromise to wood is efficiency. Higher powered exciters can help like the Thruster or the Steered high flux exciters like the DAEX25SHF-4 or the DAEX30HESF-4.

A single technique (like using pva glue) will have a subtle change in sound. The combination of many multiple techniques will significantly change the sound. That is why I stress All basic foundation techniques like rounding the corners, sanding panel, pva glue, using a frame and spine, using some sort of damping material to attach panel diaphragm to frame, using 3-4inch frames and recess material into frame to act as a wave guide. These are standard foundation techniques to build upon, without a solid foundation it will be very difficult to build anything on top of it.

Experiment with Gator board by peeling of the ply wood in the front side of panel but leaving the ply wood on where the exciter resides and see if it sounds better. The back side were the exciter resides can be harder/stiffer then the front. For those who didn't catch on even Rich M. uses 2 coats of PVA glue for the back where the exciter resides and 1 coat on the front because you want the back side stiffer/harder. If the front is to damped the vibrations cant pierce through it. Like I said before you can combine different materials together, one just needs to know how to do it right.


Time and money mostly come from experiments. Each material will have different designs due to different characteristics of each material. I've tried a small piece of carbon fiber and I didn't care for its sound I preferred the EPS. If you have the time and money then go for it but it not I wouldn't venture in that direction as experiments can get really costly especially on expensive material.
just a suggestion. PVA is not very hard and it is flexible, why not use a high gloss Acrylic spray paint? The higher the gloss the higher the solids content, or you could choose some other hard/harder spray paint?
 
On the subject of Wood as a material, it is also worthwhile looking at Delignified Translucent Boards.
Even though being produced at a 1200Kg m/3, the boards are generally between 1mm - 3mm for optimal optical transmission of light.
The weights of such a thickness for a board might be usable.
The new and unusual make up of the board is quite different to a board typically used.
The new properties within the Board might add an attractive property to the sonic able to be produced.
 
  • Thank You
Reactions: 1 user
just a suggestion. PVA is not very hard and it is flexible, why not use a high gloss Acrylic spray paint? The higher the gloss the higher the solids content, or you could choose some other hard/harder spray paint?
Hi mate
Some of these quotes are from a long time ago
May I suggest you read through the whole thread before raising old items which may have been covered many times
Cheers
Eucy
 
  • Like
Reactions: 1 users
Melior one speakers.
the melior range came later the company was Highwood Audio in Calgary Alberta Canada Paul Burton and I started the business. We designed and manufactured and distributed through Sumo Audio in California USA. Due to unfortunate circumstances at Sumo we had to part business ways. After that Highwood Audio's investors merged us with Meitner in Montreal and they (Ed and his rt. hand man Zanni ) moved to Calgary. Ed still lives and has a business (EMM Labs) in Calgary. Just a little bit of history.
 
VELERIC

I have built many panels with many combinations of drivers from 1 up to 8 per side and even one big single panel (7 square meters) in a left-center-right arrangement, and as long as you stay above the recommended impedance (4ohms) for your amplifier you should never have any problem.
if you go above 8ohms the available power will be limited, but that won't damage anything.
Though you should keep a reasonable balance in the power distribution among your drivers. 2x4 ohms in serie could be put in parallele to one single 8ohms of a different flavour, result will be 4ohms...
Different power ratings are not a problem but they may have different level output for the same wattage, and that could be disturbing.
the way your wire the drivers in serie-parallele or the other way is not important, but if you try with something like 32 drivers or more, the lenght or wire may come in play.

At the end of the journey, you will discover by yourself that one single good driver, well placed on a good panel, is all what you need

happy 2020 to all the people
could yo please elaborate on how you determine what constitutes a good panel and where a good exciter location are? thank you.
 
the melior range came later the company was Highwood Audio in Calgary Alberta Canada Paul Burton and I started the business. We designed and manufactured and distributed through Sumo Audio in California USA. Due to unfortunate circumstances at Sumo we had to part business ways. After that Highwood Audio's investors merged us with Meitner in Montreal and they (Ed and his rt. hand man Zanni ) moved to Calgary. Ed still lives and has a business (EMM Labs) in Calgary. Just a little bit of history.
Hi Mr James. Welcome to the DML thread. I gather you have extensive experience in designing planar speakers, but hope you could bring (and draw) some inspiration here too. I know this is a bit off topic but saw this new planar development that enables more bass. The presenter, Aaron, claims the planar achieves more bass by getting the mylar sheet to move more air. This implies pistonic movement, more like a conventional cone speaker. Now I am not sure if this is how planars work, since they are also dipoles in nature like dml panels. Just thought it is very interesting since dml panels also struggle in producing bass.

 
hello twocents, I did not watch the whole video but they are using is a dual drive motor with magnets on both the front and back side of the diaphragm in addition they are using stronger magnets to allow for a greater spacing and so greater available diaphragm displacement. This is much the same as the Eminent Technologies planar magnetic loudspeaker. If they play very low it probably means they are using wire voice coils likely copper for the added weight but I did not watch too much of the video so I cannot be sure. Planar magnetic speakers which make bass most often depend upon the VC having enough mass to lower the FS of the panel. Such panels will most often have more mas per unit are than a conventional cone woofer does. Its a matter of making resonance your friend and getting it to do useful work for you.
 
  • Like
Reactions: 1 users
IIRC Diptyque uses coil traces on both sides of their film. On one side the run the long way and on the other side they run the short way, so they're offset by 90 degrees, which adds stability to the film. The magnets are also aligned with this crosshatch somehow, but I never saw pictures, just heard convos in youtube videos. Two-sided traces increase the weight of the film compared to others and idk if this is desired or not. I'd guess not, but it's the cost of the increased stability.
 
Chdsl.
I have already stated my interest in the embroidery ring, for testing different materials?
Whether the ring would be better depends on testing and comparing performance.
The main thing is that the card and paper in a frame works well:D
The card was already my second favourite panel material,having the panel going down to 40hz is a bonus.
Obviously more tests and comparisons need to be made for best sound.
Such a large sound from such a small panel is a plus too.
At some time I'm going to want to test the bigger panel and see what happens.
I do have some thin cotton sheets from an old duvet I intended to stretch,when I can get to the local art and craft store,covid allowing!
Canvas is too heavy for my liking,paper is even better,cotton?
We shall see
Steve
has anybody tried wicker it i rater stiff and on the hard side but the weave would introduce lots of loss at structural resonant points (that could be counter productive or no depending on just on much loss there is)?