What is the Universe expanding into..

Do you think there was anything before the big bang?

  • I don't think there was anything before the Big Bang

    Votes: 56 12.5%
  • I think something existed before the Big Bang

    Votes: 200 44.7%
  • I don't think the big bang happened

    Votes: 54 12.1%
  • I think the universe is part of a mutiverse

    Votes: 201 45.0%

  • Total voters
    447
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If the universe is a fluid like snot, then I still maintain that it is expanding to take the shape of the container its in -- a dixie cup.
Your words are flowing out like endless rain into a paper cup!

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I do have a serious point beyond trying to make a profit on stamps. That's just a bit of fun.

Have discovered that the questions of our Universes 13.8 Bn. years lifetime is not incompatible with a 90 Bn. lightyears diameter.

Is there anything beyond the universe? | Space

The first video is vague rubbish, IMO. But the Spaceman talks a sort of sense.

Can't wait to hear his ideas why Neutrinos are the WORST particles in the Universe. I detest them myself! 😀
 
Have discovered that the questions of our Universes 13.8 Bn. years lifetime is not incompatible with a 90 Bn. lightyears diameter.

Is there anything beyond the universe? | Space
I remember discussing that question back on page 592.

46 billion light years is the radius of the observable universe. Beyond that radius, even light emitted at the Big Bang will not have had sufficient time to reach us.

Beyond 46 billion light years the rest of the universe is unobservable. How big the whole universe is depends on its topology. If the universe curves back on itself then the universe may be at least 23 trillion light years in diameter, and contain a volume of space that's over 15 million times as large as the volume we can observe.
 
"In the quantum regime an electron may be regarded as composed of two particles, one bearing the electron’s negative charge and the other containing its spin."
The spin-containing particle is called a spinon and it is hoped to see signs of it in a quantum spin liquid: Quantum spin liquid - Wikipedia

All that's spinning at the moment is my head! :spin:
 
New evidence for electron’s dual nature found in a quantum spin liquid

The spin-containing particle is called a spinon and it is hoped to see signs of it in a quantum spin liquid:

I didn't understand much of it. Seems the spin is a spinon, the charge is a Holon and there is a third Energy quantity called an Orbiton. And its something to do with quantum tunneling at low temperature, which is how the electrons can get past each other (being Fermions, they wouldn't be able to do this normally).

But apparently this might lead to quantum memory.
 
The name "Holon" comes from Greek philosophy: Something that is simultaneously a whole in and of itself, as well as a part of a larger whole.

It seems all of this was predicted back in the 1980s. 😱

Isolated electrons cannot be split into smaller components, earning them the designation of a fundamental particle. But in the 1980s, physicists predicted that electrons in a one-dimensional chain of atoms could be split into three quasiparticles: a ‘holon’ carrying the electron’s charge, a ‘spinon’ carrying its spin (an intrinsic quantum property related to magnetism) and an ‘orbiton’ carrying its orbital location
Not-quite-so elementary, my dear electron : Nature News & Comment

We all know that an electron behaves like a wave, but when an electron is excited within a material the wave splits into multiple waves, each carrying different characteristics of the electron.

However, these characteristics, described as quasiparticles, cannot exist independently outside the material.

As you say, Steve, these quasiparticles are of interest in the field of quantum computing as well as superconductivity.
 
I've been finding out more about quasiparticles. 😎

We're used to classifying subatomic particles as either bosons or fermions.

Bosons are the force carrying particles (like the photon), while fermions are the matter particles (like the electron).

Mathematically, there has always been another possibility, that of particles (or excitations) that emerge from the activity of other particles in a material.

These quasiparticles or emergent particles are called anyons and they can never exist outside of the material on their own.

Although anyons have just been discovered in the past year, their existence has been predicted since the 1980s.

However, you’ll never come across anyons in your everyday life. Unlike the bosons and fermions that make up everything familiar to us, anyons exist only in two-dimensional materials cooled to near absolute zero and subjected to strong magnetic fields.

Read more about anyons and their potential use in quantum computing here:

Bosons, Fermions and Anyons: What Are the Three Particle Kingdoms in the Quantum World? | Discover Magazine
 
Frank Wilczek should ring some bells here in our linquiring thread:

https://www.quantamagazine.org/frank-wilczek-cracked-open-the-cosmos-20210112/

He got a Nobel prize for Asymptotic Freedom which calculated the force between Quarks in 1973. He then inflicted the deeply baffling Axions on us as Dark Matter candidates. Remember them? Anyons seem even more baffling. 😱

I enjoyed Brian Greene, author of the baffling "The Elegant Universe" string theory book. On Desert Island Discs on Friday on the Beeb.

BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Brian Greene

Many interesting anecdotes, physics theories, and quite heavy taste in music. His dad, Alan Greene, wrote that lovely song "Turn Around" for Harry Belafonte. 😎
 
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