The Biology and Immunology Corner

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Yes, Italy has had another 200 deaths today just about.

An interesting discussion with some data:

An exhaustive lit search shows that only 5/85 SARS patients and 150/1397 COVID-19 patients were smokers, far below the 27% active smokers in china. Can anyone find a study that was missed? : COVID19

It appears smoking may actually protect against infection with SARS. Not conclusive, but interesting.

Not only interesting but surprising....I followed the link on one of them and it led me to a paper on PubMed, can't get much more legit than that. Here's a quote...

CONCLUSION:
Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. Allergic diseases, asthma, and COPD are not risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Older age, high number of comorbidities, and more prominent laboratory abnormalities were associated with severe patients.

Asthma is not a risk factor! This surprises me as does the finding that smoking is not a risk factor (and to think I stopped 2 weeks ago to improve my chances!)

We know that very young people are at the lowest risk of death. Could this be because they have an immature immune system? University and research were a long time ago for me but I seem to remember that sometimes an overly strong immune response can kill a patient. Could this be a factor with COVID-19? Might this explain why the young and smokers have better odds?
 
Another point that I heard on television. A local doctor in Oklahoma City has recommended taking a 1 a day multivitamin and a zinc tablet. He is saying that the zinc can keep viruses from replicating. I have not heard any other doctors or specialist mention this.
 
^ That wouldn't explain why teenagers on up through the 40 year olds (with their, relatively strongest) immune systems are also lower risk. And, similarly, older folks immune systems are in pretty rapid decline. Something else is at play here that simple of an explanation.

As to your point about overly strong immune response is very much on point. It's showing in some cases with COVID-19 but not the most prevalent cause?

Also treat an n=140 epidimiological study as extremely preliminary.
 
^ That wouldn't explain why teenagers on up through the 40 year olds (with their, relatively strongest) immune systems are also lower risk. And, similarly, older folks immune systems are in pretty rapid decline. Something else is at play here that simple of an explanation.

As to your point about overly strong immune response is very much on point. It's showing in some cases with COVID-19 but not the most prevalent cause?

Also treat an n=140 epidimiological study as extremely preliminary.

Yea, I know it doesn't really make sense. I'm sure the paper is a preprint too, so....

Some useful information...

preprint
A scientific study that is posted online before it has gone through peer-review. Some preprints are good; some are bad. There’s very little quality control. Because peer-review can take a long time, many studies published on coronavirus will be released as preprints. Make sure any preprint you read or share is vetted by other scientists or journalists before sharing to prevent the spread of misinformation.

zinc
This is a tough one. Zinc is a mineral that may have antiviral properties. Some studies suggest that zinc can reduce the length and severity of a cold if you take it within the first 24 hours of a disease. But some people have criticized those studies and others haven’t found an association. The Mayo Clinic does not recommend the use of zinc to treat colds, or any other virus. If you do take zinc, be sure not to take too much, and avoid zinc nasal sprays, which can cause nerve damage and make you permanently lose your sense of smell.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
An often-fatal failure of the respiratory system. When an illness is called “acute,” it means it comes on really quickly, which makes getting treatment fast necessary. People with ARDS breathe rapidly, are short of breath and might have bluish skin. ARDS is a potential complication of COVID-19, and it can happen very quickly. If you are experiencing those symptoms, go to the doctor immediately.
 
A Hamilton Health Sciences radiation oncologist is the city's first confirmed positive case of COVID-19, a hospital spokesperson has confirmed.
On Wednesday, CBC learned a staff member in her 30s tested positive for COVID-19 after returning from a personal trip to Hawaii. Since the doctor's return to the Juravinski Cancer Centre, she was in contact with both cancer patients and staff members.

Damn, the ex works at the Juravinski Cancer Centre (I use to work in the research centre attached to it.) And I got an email from the school board, my son is sick and missed school today....getting closer....
 
1st confirmed case in the county where I live; Thurston, Washington state. Here it comes.

My son's band teacher cancelled public performances schedule for this Thursday and Saturday, due to concern. (That saves a little heartbreak having to tell him I wont be attending this time)

News says the state governor here has banned gatherings of more than 200 statewide. Glad someone is putting a stop to the "business as usual" attitude around here that presumably would continue without explicit direction. IMHO, should be more than 10 -
 
???

George

Yea, doesn't make sense does it? I would have thought that smoking or having asthma would be an enormous handicap when dealing with pneumonia. These are Chinese results and I've heard that Italian results contradict this. It's way too early to say for sure but it's very interesting.

RESULTS:
An approximately 1:1 ratio of male (50.7%) and female COVID-19 patients was found, with an overall median age of 57.0 years. All patients were community-acquired cases. Fever (91.7%), cough (75.0%), fatigue (75.0%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (39.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations, whereas hypertension (30.0%) and diabetes mellitus (12.1%) were the most common comorbidities. Drug hypersensitivity (11.4%) and urticaria (1.4%) were self-reported by several patients. Asthma or other allergic diseases were not reported by any of the patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 1.4%) patients and current smokers (1.4%) were rare. Bilateral ground-glass or patchy opacity (89.6%) was the most common sign of radiological finding. Lymphopenia (75.4%) and eosinopenia (52.9%) were observed in most patients. Blood eosinophil counts correlate positively with lymphocyte counts in severe (r = .486, P < .001) and nonsevere (r = .469, P < .001) patients after hospital admission. Significantly higher levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were associated with severe patients compared to nonsevere patients (all P < .001).

This study I've just quoted is just people with COVID-19 not specifically those who've died of COVID-19.
 
I don't know Daniel. Not even those living abroad want to fly to China. I think that is best put to rest. If there is a factor, I think it is less than many wish to believe.

Metro Vancouver has more Chinese than live in Italy.

Just my 1/2 penny.

My point was more very early on, it was a place where it had a higher chance of jumping off (along with cruises/etc) before everyone clamped down on travel. Italy's uptick in disease spread happened much earlier than everyone else's has. Might be random unluckiness vs other places in Europe/North America or might have had mechanistic reasons. I'm taking a bet on the latter.

Edit to add: Iran is also dealing with a lot of cases. Japan and South Korea are managing better, but, IIRC (take that with all the salt) they've been pretty aggressive with quarantines.

Why the US and Canada have, relatively speaking given international travel to/from China (especially the earliest hit regions), been hit less is hard to say. Maybe it is all random.

* In all cases, it could have happened most anywhere so the fact that it originated in China has a lot to do with them pulling the short straw in the game of life, and quite possible the next epidemic/pandemic comes out of somewhere completely different (like the US!); no finger pointing at all, as this is an all-world problem and requires an all-world response.
 
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I don't know Daniel. Not even those living abroad want to fly to China. I think that is best put to rest. If there is a factor, I think it is less than many wish to believe.

Metro Vancouver has more Chinese than live in Italy.

Just my 1/2 penny.

Just to add my own “I think i read it on the Internet”, and apropos of what, exactly? - aren’t most of that “Chinese population” actually foreign workers, a cohort with a much higher rate of to and fro travel than permanent residents?
 
My wife remarks that the young at her university text, don't converse, and are unaccustomed to the hand-shaking ritual HAH

here's some quote from an article in the Atlantic....

In all my analyses of generational data—some reaching back to the 1930s—I had never seen anything like it.
...today’s teens, who are less likely to leave the house without their parents. The shift is stunning: 12th-graders in 2015 were going out less often than eighth-graders did as recently as 2009.
...only about 56 percent of high-school seniors in 2015 went out on dates; for Boomers and Gen Xers, the number was about 85 percent.
...the number of sexually active teens has been cut by almost 40 percent since 1991. The average teen now has had sex for the first time by the spring of 11th grade, a full year later than the average Gen Xer.
...1970s, 77 percent of high-school seniors worked for pay during the school year; by the mid-2010s, only 55 percent did.
...Across a range of behaviors—drinking, dating, spending time unsupervised— 18-year-olds now act more like 15-year-olds used to, and 15-year-olds more like 13-year-olds. Childhood now stretches well into high school.
...eighth-, 10th-, and 12th-graders in the 2010s actually spend less time on homework than Gen teens did in the early 1990s.

So what are they doing with all that time? They are on their phone, in their room, alone and often distressed.

...number of teens who get together with their friends nearly every day dropped by more than 40 percent from 2000 to 2015; the decline has been especially steep recently.

It goes on and on the article is titled "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?"

As a supply teach I'd have to back up what your wife has noticed. The kids are real good at video games though....

Oh yea....Naturally occurring.
 
Today one billion of people fested Holi : YouTube... despite gvt said not to do so !

YouTube

naturally occurring and transmitting.. you CAN NOT swithch off the planet for 15 days... and putt people in glass cages, it happens since 12 000 to 14 000 years with sedentary way of life (farming). Whatever the birds, the shakcing cows cause the food & profit, there will always be doors... really not a plot...
 
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