What is the Universe expanding into..

Do you think there was anything before the big bang?

  • I don't think there was anything before the Big Bang

    Votes: 56 12.5%
  • I think something existed before the Big Bang

    Votes: 200 44.7%
  • I don't think the big bang happened

    Votes: 54 12.1%
  • I think the universe is part of a mutiverse

    Votes: 201 45.0%

  • Total voters
    447
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Costa Rica played an amazing offside trap, which hurt the Dutch attack. Should have been about 3-0 except for the great CR keeper and the even better woodwork. Netherlands will have more offense against Argentina, but will also be more vulnerable to the fast counter.

I give Argentina the edge because of Messi.
 
@popilin

You mentioned the Casimir effect a while back, yes it has been experimentally verified but I thought it was due to quantum fields.

Casimir effect it is indeed a quantum effect, related with quantum vacuum energy/energy density.

So far QM and GR are like water and oil, even more, QM (actually loop quantum gravity, LQG) predictions about the speed of light as function of photon energy/frequency has been proven wrong by experiments with Planck probe.

However, some people theorize that the speed of light in a Casimir-like vacuum would be greater than c.

I'm not sure everyone's idea of there being "something" in a vacuum includes all fields.

I'm not sure about almost anything, but it is accepted that quantum vacuum it is not empty, it has e.g. virtual particles, that explain beautifully e.g. the force between charged particles.

Any vacuum we create on earth will have local fields due to terrestrial communications, the earth's magnetic/electric field, etc.

Agree, that’s why not even the vacuum can be isotropic.

Even more interesting in the current context are the slow light experiments, with Bose-Einstein condensates and other things. No gravitational lensing necessary to observe light traveling at a tiny fraction of c.

The speed of light in an optical media is

v = c / n​

Where n is the refractive index and c is the speed of light in vacuum.

We must be careful in regard as how we define velocity; v and c are the phase velocity, and I can reduce v at home with a glass of water, beer also works.

Slow light is a great reduction in the group velocity of light, not the phase velocity.
 
Costa Rica played an amazing offside trap, which hurt the Dutch attack. Should have been about 3-0 except for the great CR keeper and the even better woodwork. Netherlands will have more offense against Argentina, but will also be more vulnerable to the fast counter.

I give Argentina the edge because of Messi.

Messi is an amazing talent, but that is also the weak spot in the team. If Messi has an off-day, the team is nowhere. But that also goes for Robben and van Persie (who DID have an off day).

Jan
 
Stuart. It's about participating....

Thank you, no. Grabbing a knee and rolling on the ground whining after someone runs by you is not my idea of interesting or fun.

After watching one game (I was stuck in a bar with the TV on), it was clear that any actual football player could snap a soccer player in half. Most free safeties, cornerbacks, running backs, and wide receivers are much faster and could be blowing past the opposition. Could they do it for an hour straight? Perhaps not, but after physically destroying the other team, they could be sauntering down the field and leisurely kicking the ball through the ridiculously wide goal.

So, boring, slow, and full of fakery. Yes, a perfect World Sport. 😀
 
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