UK AC motor source (DIY Turntable)

Loctite and others have articles about making custom size O rings, which can be used as belts, other more suitable sections are also sold by length or weight.
The details include joint geometry and suitable adhesives.

Two hacks:
Scotch brand Magic Tape works well in splicing tape, the adhesive does not deteriorate so much with time.

There is a local brand of semi flexible Cyanoacrylate called 'Flexikwik', which is intended for joining PVC edge bands to particle board tops and so on.
I have seen it being used to repair tire sidewalls, and make flexible belts.
Also, I insist on using it if I have a punctured radial tire, it stops air and moisture entry, which otherwise cause the steel belts to rust, (and that causes premature tire failure), use a small drop at the puncture point.
A similar item may be sold in your country.
 
for reasonably beefy motor which would drive a ~12kg platter?
Perhaps you already have an answer, but I had thoughts, so here they are!

Brushless motors for model aircraft etc are basically precision ball raced motors with three phase rotating fields, that grip the magnets of the drive (outrunners), so a precision 3 phase source would turn that very smoothly.
They also go up to huge power ratings, in a compact size.

The 12kg platter and mechanism of coupling the motor to the platter form a system rather like a car, with acceleration times, and a flex or resonance between the rotational impedance of the motor and drive system and platter.

The idea of a 12kg platter is that a loud cut on the vinyl doesn't slow the record down much - right?

But this flywheel momentum works against you when that note is finished, as the acceleration back to speed also takes a while. The motor itself, is a flywheel, and the momentum is proportional to speed, so perhaps a lighter platter, stronger belt and faster motor, better able to correct speed variations might be better for that aspect.

That's why those huge platters with rubber bands driving them lack interest, I suspect most of the time they are slowly speeding up or slowing down, unable to react in a reasonable time.

The Lenco was a favourite in this aspect, the platter was ordinary, but the big motor and idler wheel gave it a good recovery of this 'drag induced dynamic wow' issue, IIRC.
 
Dear Sir,
The record player shown in the picture is extremely fast with a 6 kg plate, the speed does not swing too much. Picture a motorcycle.
If anyone needs a Papst engine, write a PM. We have several types in stock. The other record player in the picture also works with this engine.
 

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The second picture in the set of four above is less than ideal as a TT motor, unless used with a feedback loop.
As a spool motor in a r-2-r tape machine it's designed to run at varying speeds (think at the speed difference between an empty
and a full 10.5 inch tape reel.).
 
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