In short, for many of us a CCS or other electronic device IS simpler and easier to impliment than a magnetic solution
Right.
Right now I am in the middle of conversation with one Canadian buyer that bought an expensive potted UTC transformer for $1, and now tries to figure out which mail service to use in order to save more Canadian cents.
In short, for many of us a CCS or other electronic device IS simpler and easier to impliment than a magnetic solution
There have been I-don't-know-how-many members of this forum who weren't able to get anything done for months on a CCS-based project waiting for a printed circuit board to be completed and distributed of all things. How is that better than ordering a simple choke using the internet and connecting the two wires?
John
There have been I-don't-know-how-many members of this forum who weren't able to get anything done for months on a CCS-based project waiting for a printed circuit board to be completed and distributed of all things. How is that better than ordering a simple choke using the internet and connecting the two wires?
John
Its not, but then its not the same problem either - procrastination (or laziness) is not the same as inability. Neither does it make any other technical option superior.
If they REALLY wanted to build the now almost world famous pinkmouse et al device, they had several options including p2p, vero, or even (gasp) taking the opportunity to learn to make their own boards. All significantly cheaper and for some people easier and more realistically accessable than using magnetics.
Which is not to say that a choke is inferior in any respect per se, just that it may well be an answer to a slightly different question.
OT. Time for a return to the subject at hand.
I'm not part of this dispute here because I do want to learn to impliment CCS and Gyrators and Mosfet source followers etc. Otherwise I'd just go back to practicing my pedal steel and I hate that. But:Certainly true from my experience, even with low rp triodes only the best plate chokes will get you above 50kHz or so -3dB. If one must use a choke instead of a gyrator (or ccs) Lundahl chokes may be worth the extra money as they do seem to have moderately lower stray capacitance than most competitors due to the insulation between layers. A certain popular 100H choke when driven by a triode connected D3A (rp < 2K) barely made 60kHz (no external load) to my considerable disappointment.
Why are we concerned about the performance of our builds beyond the range of our speakers to reproduce and our ears to hear? I'm serious and I don't want to just start another snivvle. I would think that above say 20khz in some cases and probably around 12khz if you turn it up real loud for me, I would think you'ld want to SUPPRESS those higher frequencies because they can just lead to out of band instability. Along the lines of (say) using a crossover to band limit your 416B Altec woofer to 1200hz and likewise keep the low frequencies out of the horn assembly.
One fellow today commented that he would only consider using an OT that rang at 30khz for a filament tranformer. Well, that's odd to me. Why not just limit the frequency into the OT to below 30khz so it won't ring?
Just sign me "Stupid in Reno" Some of the frequencies that get thrown around here are considered RADIO frequencies by the US Navy when communicating with it's submarines or tearing down navigation stations.
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...because while we may only hear a narrow range of fundementals, we PERCEIVE a much wider range of harmonics (and the resulting intermodulations)...
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Great post Ian. Wow, I already got it transformed into large print and double matted to hang above the bench. I never looked at it that way.
The part I put in bold is what swung the brain cell into alignment. Yes. That's how we control gain. It's right out of the book for calculating gain of each stage. Even with a tone stack in between the gain of the first stage (for all practical purposes) is set by the input impedance of the following stage and on and on. Gain, always comes with distortion, unless steps are taken to keep it in check regardless if the technique used employs just L, C, and R or SI.
The part I put in bold is what swung the brain cell into alignment. Yes. That's how we control gain. It's right out of the book for calculating gain of each stage. Even with a tone stack in between the gain of the first stage (for all practical purposes) is set by the input impedance of the following stage and on and on. Gain, always comes with distortion, unless steps are taken to keep it in check regardless if the technique used employs just L, C, and R or SI.
Some basics for the less experienced.
Take a look at a triode characteristics graph which shows gm, rp and mu as a function of anode current. You will see that mu is reasonably stable with changes in anode current but rp and gm change significantly with anode current.
To generate a signal voltage at the anode you must swing current through the anode load (either a resistive load or a CCS). This same current flows through the triode. As the current through the triode changes (with signal) so does it's rp - its internal dynamic resistance. It is this changing rp which is the inherent source of the harmonic distortion - write it on the back of you hand and remember it.
DELTA rp IS THE SOURCE THE HARMONIC DISTORTION.
The amount of distortion is a function of the ratio of load impedance vs the tube rp change.
For a given level of output voltage at the anode a higher load impedance infers a lower signal current swing (to achieve that same signal level) and hence a lower rp change. You can only take that load impedance so high using a resistor for the anode load. BUT with a CCS you can get a much higher AC impedance => much lower tube current swing => much lower rp change => much lower distortion.
You can see by this that (from a distortion point of view) the "measure" of a CCS "goodness" is its AC impedance.
Of course - if the load from the following stage is too low an impedance ( this is effectively in parallel with the anode load resistor or CCS) it won't matter how high an impedance the anode load is, as the signal current swing is then determined by the next stage input impedance and then a CCS anode load won't do much for you. In that case reducing distortion requires increasing the impedance presented by that next stage.
Guitar Amp guys make use of this to deliberately get some distortion - A 12AX7 stage with a 100K Anode load is often seen driving 220K input impedance of the next stage. For HiFi that is just plain bad design - for a guitar amp it is just what we want.
Hope this is of some benefit to the "learners" here. There are other secondary contributors to distortion but what is described here is the main source.
Cheers,
Ian
I'm not part of this dispute here because I do want to learn to impliment CCS and Gyrators and Mosfet source followers etc. Otherwise I'd just go back to practicing my pedal steel and I hate that. But:
Why are we concerned about the performance of our builds beyond the range of our speakers to reproduce and our ears to hear? I'm serious and I don't want to just start another snivvle. I would think that above say 20khz in some cases and probably around 12khz if you turn it up real loud for me, I would think you'ld want to SUPPRESS those higher frequencies because they can just lead to out of band instability. Along the lines of (say) using a crossover to band limit your 416B Altec woofer to 1200hz and likewise keep the low frequencies out of the horn assembly.
One fellow today commented that he would only consider using an OT that rang at 30khz for a filament tranformer. Well, that's odd to me. Why not just limit the frequency into the OT to below 30khz so it won't ring?
Just sign me "Stupid in Reno" Some of the frequencies that get thrown around here are considered RADIO frequencies by the US Navy when communicating with it's submarines or tearing down navigation stations.
He He He, I guess you don't know who 'one fellow' is 😉
Oh Nooooooooooooooo..... I'll bet this has been discussed before. Kind of like ESP eh? Downward harmonic intermod. I'm gonna take a drink....because while we may only hear a narrow range of fundementals, we PERCEIVE a much wider range of harmonics (and the resulting intermodulations)...
Well, you know, it's not polite to name names. Especially if said comment was made in jest for instance or perhaps a momentary lapse of sanity. A psychotically incontinent moment maybe. A bad argument with the wife. The inadvertent striking of a soft appendage with a ball peen hammer resulting in a violent outburst? One never knows. It's best often not to draw too fine a pint on identity.He He He, I guess you don't know who 'one fellow' is 😉
Sorry Danny, my comment was 'tongue in cheek', and not meant to be offensive to you. If you have done much reading on building tube amplifiers, you might recognise the style of writing, in particular, the dry sense of humour.
Cheers!
Chris
Cheers!
Chris
That's pathetic to say the least.🙁
What is pathetic, costs of international shipment of heavy magnetic devices, or you mean something different?
I took it as a reference to the buyer worrying about "nickels and dimes" on the freight of an item bought at a spectacularly low cost.
So was mine for heaven's sake. Psychotically Incontinent moment? Striking a soft appendage with a ball peen hammer? Not drawing too fine a pint? 😀 Those are funny right there. Or I've completely lost my touch. Anyway, I need scientific proof that the human body can "perceive" stuff above 20K. Werewolves can I know😀 Just kidding!! I knew a guy when I was in the nut house that could hear things I could never hear though. You never know.Sorry Danny, my comment was 'tongue in cheek', and not meant to be offensive to you. If you have done much reading on building tube amplifiers, you might recognise the style of writing, in particular, the dry sense of humour.
Cheers!
Chris
Certainly true from my experience, even with low rp triodes only the best plate chokes will get you above 50kHz or so -3dB. If one must use a choke instead of a gyrator (or ccs) Lundahl chokes may be worth the extra money as they do seem to have moderately lower stray capacitance than most competitors due to the insulation between layers. A certain popular 100H choke when driven by a triode connected D3A (rp < 2K) barely made 60kHz (no external load) to my considerable disappointment.
What choke was that? I found these chokes a a surplus dealer who was about to throw them into the scrap heap:
:: View topic - JLSEM's chokes
Admittedly a lucky find, but some resourcefulness was involved, too. I'd like to know who is selling a choke that can't do any better than a homely military spare, so I can avoid them.
John
chris - now might be a good time ot discuss Aspegers.... 🙂
Not sure if you saw in a WAY earlier post of mine, but I actually have Aspergers!
However, my hearing is not that great and I am sure that the 20kHz stuff is way beyond my ability to perceive as well 😉 When it comes to smell, however, my kids reckon if I lose my job I could always get a job as a sniffer dog at the airport 🙂
Sorry Danny, hard to tell the tone sometimes, and I think that this forum is about the best I have ever seen as far as not getting in to abuse and flame wars. Just wanted to make sure my silly little comment did not offend 🙂
Cheers,
Chris
When it comes to smell, however, my kids reckon if I lose my job I could always get a job as a sniffer dog at the airport 🙂
Ancient mystics-philosophers-healers-priests knew that tactile, olfactory, audio and video perception is perception of different frequencies of one and the same media
However, Isaac Newton created a new science, a new scientific model, about mechanical things that are separated from each other, and the only way of communication between them is direct mechanical impact. So tactile, olfactory, audio and video perception are perceptions of different kinds of matter.
But German scientists proved recently that ancient mystics-philosophers-healers-priests knew better!
They genetically modified a fruit fly so it smells the light now!
But despite of this proof I am pretty sure that masses would not know about that. As well as despite of many experiments and scientific articles masses know nothing about perception of sound and it's distortions.
This forum is very special: there are people here who knows, and follows this knowledge in topologies and design of audio amplifiers.
Why are we concerned about the performance of our builds beyond the range of our speakers to reproduce and our ears to hear? I'm serious and I don't want to just start another snivvle.
When you start to limit frequency you start to shift phase. Some claim that some level of phase shift is audible.
(I don't hold a view, just explaining why some obsess about very wide bandwidth).
Not sure if you saw in a WAY earlier post of mine, but I actually have Aspergers!
Yes Chris - quiite aware, so I thought I'd make room for your comment! Have a family member at the other end of the autism spectrum from you, so I'm a little attuned to the nuances... 🙂
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