Does this explain what generates gravity?

Ah, I have got it. We are looking North North West quite late.

The band is the Milky Way, and two thirds up is an upside down W of Cassiopeia. In this grab, the W is down the bottom, and near the top left is the slightly fuzzy Andromeda Galaxy again.

Andromeda and Cassiopeia.jpg


Cassiopeia.jpg


Exceptional clear skies in Sweden. As Galu says, Lot of Stars.
 
It was the lack of any obvious reference that threw me... but I can see the Pole Star in your photo now. Bottom right:

Ursa Minor.jpg


Without the Big Bear, it's quite hard to get oriented! A dull part of the sky IMO. I am getting good shots of Orion and Taurus and Jupiter around 4AM right now.
 
The keen Astrophotographer is never bored!

I was up with the Lark this morning at an unearthly 4AM. Flippin' nippy out there on the street... but miraculously a clear sky. Click on the image to see it better, if your computer is like mine.

Taurus and Jupiter 3 Oct.png


This is Jupiter in Taurus. A little zooming and we can see two moons, Ganymede and Callisto against its glare:

Jupiter and Moons 3 Oct.png


How do I know this? I looked it up:

Jupiter's Moons 3 Oct 2024 Chart.png


https://skyandtelescope.org/wp-content/plugins/observing-tools/jupiter_moons/jupiter.html

Should be able to do better with the lens stopped down and a higher ISO and 4 seconds, but pleased with that. Could see Europa two weeks ago. 😀
 
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Steve was spotted last night in parts of Scotland and north-east England!

1728407986194.png


The above photo shows Steve in Northumberland among the Northern Lights.

Apparently, Steve is an unpredictable and transient phenomenon!

No, not our Steve, but the Steve whose full name is Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement.

As well as Steve, the Northern Lights were spotted across the UK through Monday night and early Tuesday morning.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/c4g0j7zn813o
 
why are planets axis of rotation tilted?

In "Volcano Worlds", which I watched last night, Prof. Cox mentioned that massive lava flows from a line of giant volcanoes on Mars, including Olympus Mons, tipped the planet over by 20 degrees.

I decided to look further into his brief statement and consulted several sources from which I've extracted the following information:

Over hundreds of millions of years, lava bubbling up from the depths of Mars formed an enormous volcano system called the Tharsis Bulge.

More than 5,000 square kilometres of lava was erupted, measuring 12 kilometres in thickness and a billion billion tonnes in weight.

1728411438093.png

Warmer colours denote higher elevations

According to fairly recent research, the massive bulge of lava made Mars' outer layers, the crust and mantle, rotate by about 20 degrees, from the polar regions down toward the equator. This is said to have happened some 3 billion years ago.

As a result, the planet’s axis reoriented - a phenomenon called "true polar wander" - and tipped about 20 degrees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_...r wander is a solid-body rotation of a planet
 
I thought the rotation of Mars was pretty wobbly at the best of times. Prone to end up almost anywhere. Because it has no significant Moon.

Having made a mature and significant lifestyle decision to avoid TV as a time-waster, I am stuck with my researches into fundamental Physics.

Alas most of the good Relativity text books are about £70 a pop, an ongoing issue.

The A3 Comet observation window opens up about 11th October in the UK, about 8-9PM in the west after sunset here in the UK. The weather looks atrocious this weekend, but Friday and Monday might be doable.

AFAIK, we want f1.8, around 35mm and 4 seconds and ISO 1600, but the twilight and cloud will be the bugbear, along with the Moon.

I was disappointed with the Nobel Physics Prize for AI, which hardly seems Physics to me at all.

I know it's unexciting but I was pleased the Standard Model has been shown to be alive again, after rumours of its death impending:

The Standard Model is Dead.jpg


I wasn't panicking. More accurate measurements of the huge W- boson:

The Standard Model is Alive.jpg


This is all about the Beta decay of the bound or unbound Neutron:

Beta Decay in Cobalt 60.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

It's always interesting to me that the mysterious anti-neutrinos seem to have as much energy as the emitted (Beta) electrons at 0.511 MeV/c^2.

Mass of Proton and Neutron.jpg


There really must be an awful lot of Neutrinos whizzing about. 🙂
 
There really must be an awful lot of Neutrinos whizzing about. 🙂

Here's a nice interpretation of the above Feynman diagram for the beta decay of a neutron into a proton, electron and electron antineutrino via an intermediate W− boson:

1728480515329.png


The above diagram clearly shows the up and down quarks from which the neutron and proton are composed.

Back at school I was taught that a neutron was an amalgamation of a positively charged proton and an equally but oppositely charged electron. That explained why a neutron was neutral and slightly more massive than a proton.

However, no one mentioned neutrinos to me back then!
 
I was disappointed with the Nobel Physics Prize for AI, which hardly seems Physics to me at all.
I think the academy has a prize problem - there is simply a lack of structure to fit modern inventions.

AI is of course prize worthy - but where to place it?

Physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace, and economics.

But maybe physiology would be more applicable as after all, it's about "brains"... however artificial. One would have liked to hear the discussions - even if I live 67 meter from the headquarters, I didn't pick anything up 😉

//
 
AI is of course prize worthy...

Some background: The Nobel Prize in Physics has been given to two scientists, Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield, for their work on machine learning, a kind of technology used by Artificial intelligence software.

British scientist Geoffrey Hinton has been dubbed 'the Godfather of AI'.

Interestingly, he resigned from his job at Google in 2023, and has warned that machines could eventually become smarter than humans.

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/lifestyle...ize-for-physics/ar-AA1rT08j?ocid=BingNewsSerp
 
IMO. There is no break through in Artificial Intelligence. ChatGPT is BS.

Nothing worthwhile since Turing, Gōdel, Conway, Penrose.
We had tremoundous progress in computing speed and memory capacity..... No worthwhile outcome.

Do you see worthwhile results in quantum computing ? Just another BS to me.
No result yet, keep awaiting fantastic results next 10 years, as with fusion reactors.
 
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Here's a nice interpretation of the above Feynman diagram for the beta decay of a neutron into a proton, electron and electron antineutrino via an intermediate W− boson:

View attachment 1365746

The above diagram clearly shows the up and down quarks from which the neutron and proton are composed.

Back at school I was taught that a neutron was an amalgamation of a positively charged proton and an equally but oppositely charged electron. That explained why a neutron was neutral and slightly more massive than a proton.

However, no one mentioned neutrinos to me back then!
The previous Feynman diagram is the same but about the anti neutrino. Is it incoming or outgoing ?
 
The previous Feynman diagram is the same but about the anti neutrino. Is it incoming or outgoing ?

The first is an actual Feynman diagram, but the second is not.

Confusion can arise because the arrows on the particle lines on a Feynman diagram do not indicate the direction in which the particles are moving, but merely denote whether the particles are matter or antimatter.