Why would a manufacturer use a 16uf cap that is really 18uf?

At audio frequencies, use the impedance measuring function of REW, ARTA or other apps. Since a decent audio interface does it's job in bat frequency region and the resulting impedance curve says enough about most or all of the relevant parameters, you're set with pretty simple equipment. That actually can measure full range, not at some few preset frequencies.
 
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Technically you shouldn't rely on the solder for electrical contact.
This should be via the twisted wires exposed to each other.
The solder just encases the wires sealing them from the effects of the atmosphere and gives further rigidity and support.

Rather than simply encasing the copper wires, I would say that solder bonds to the wires and joins them.

The typical soldering iron used for copper wires and circuit boards operates at a temperature of around 350 degrees celcius.

Technically, this is described as 'soft soldering' which results in joints which are strong, but not as strong as those achieved by welding.

Providing mechanical support as you suggest is a good idea in a situation where vibration is to be expected - as in a loudspeaker enclosure.
 
no I don’t. All I have is an LCR meter.
You've got something, you have displayed measurements of your speakers on this thread. See post 181 about using a PC for impedance measurement. I know REW is free downloadable software I did it. I know it has a signal generator. Used PC's towers with an earphone jack (green) and a line level jack (blue) are <$100. Getting the windows op system to transfer is impossible, but ubuntu op system is free and runs REW. Get the previous owner to download ubuntu onto DVD or USB drive before you drive off. He has permission to use his windows op system. You just need an old PC and a couple of 1/8" stereo phone jack to alligator clip adapter leads, to measure impedance.
Or if you have a lap top with USB only, a "soundcard" for usb with one input one output is about $40 on ebay. A kluge for field recording with the dangling module probably falling out, but okay for shop use on a bench to measure impedance.
 
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1. I replaced the early Japanese Electrolytic Caps (early 70's expensive high quality types) with Poly caps: Sound deteriorated badly.

2. I then restored the original Japanese Electrolytic Caps, but to save the project placed the Bypass Caps in parallel. Bingo instant improvement.
The effect on the response can be different. I don't think it's safe to conclude you can hear different types of capacitor unless you can control this situation during the test.

Here I have shown a simplified example of a second order filter where...
Green - The capacitor has some ESR, as an electrolytic might,
Blue - Less ESR, as a poly cap might,
Red - Some ESR plus more capacitance, as an electrolytic plus bypass might have.

sh.jpg

Give your experiment time to burn in.
It's worth ensuring this isn't a variable.
You'll give yourself time to learn to ignore it 😉
 
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Would you disagree with this amendment?

Although the differences between bipolar electrolytics and film capacitors are easily measurable, these differences become insignificant when you consider the other factors that determine the performance of a loudspeaker.
 
The effect on the response can be different. I don't think it's safe to conclude you can hear different types of capacitor unless you can control this situation during the test.

Here I have shown a simplified example of a second order filter where...
Green - The capacitor has some ESR, as an electrolytic might,
Blue - Less ESR, as a poly cap might,
Red - Some ESR plus more capacitance, as an electrolytic plus bypass might have.

View attachment 1068274


You'll give yourself time to learn to ignore it 😉

thats using XSIM?
cause I’ve done similar simulations.

from my reading eletrolytics capacitance alters at different freq. i can’t remember if it increases or decreases. I’m pretty sure I read that after a certain freq it becomes an inductor. Electrolytics that is.

i also don’t completely agree with burn in.
as I mentioned before in modding guitar amps, the coupling caps which I’ve changed many times, didn’t have any significant burn in change.
 
You've got something, you have displayed measurements of your speakers on this thread. See post 181 about using a PC for impedance measurement. I know REW is free downloadable software I did it. I know it has a signal generator. Used PC's towers with an earphone jack (green) and a line level jack (blue) are <$100. Getting the windows op system to transfer is impossible, but ubuntu op system is free and runs REW. Get the previous owner to download ubuntu onto DVD or USB drive before you drive off. He has permission to use his windows op system. You just need an old PC and a couple of 1/8" stereo phone jack to alligator clip adapter leads, to measure impedance.
Or if you have a lap top with USB only, a "soundcard" for usb with one input one output is about $40 on ebay. A kluge for field recording with the dangling module probably falling out, but okay for shop use on a bench to measure impedance.

i have a Mac laptop.
i do also have a recording interface. Which in essence is kinda a soundcard as well
how could I use the recording interface if possible?
 
i have a Mac laptop.
i do also have a recording interface. Which in essence is kinda a soundcard as well
how could I use the recording interface if possible?
The recording interface can take voltage inputs, but probably doesn't have signal output. In that case you need to buy a usb sound card (~$40) that has both input and output. I assume MAC has a USB port. Then use REW or ARTA as listed in post 181 to measure your mismarked or differently performing components. I know REW is a free download.
 
that the performance of the speaker is mainly determined by the characteristics of the drivers.
I've found a thread I should have included in my original response. - https://www.diyaudio.com/community/...200hz-no-audible-difference-whatsover.353554/

There are some parts of it I agree with less than others, but over much or all of their used band drivers are pistonic, and minimum phase.

It's a bit like capacitors in that respect. Drivers sound different if you ignore their resonances but you shouldn't.
 
Ha ,

man I also have to put in another very important variable.
my mood.
super critical in listening, since listening is more of a brain function than one of our ears.

this work situation has gotten to me in the last few days , so my mood isn’t the best.

trying to help it.

I’ll go get those alligator clips, to maybe make a better assessment.

wish I could measure that electrolytic better.