Thor2, I have had the same experience as you with differences in material. Many here also strongly disagree with me as well as you on this subject, but I know what I hear and have heard differences between silver and copper for example for many decades. Why these differences exist, I do not completely understand, so what? I hear what I hear, and nobody is going to tell me any different.
Again not communicating. You were reading electrons when I was writing charge as I recall.
You do know the bit about the Father and then Son Nobel prizes for particle/wave?
Please Ed not that again in most cases they are interchangeable (or the existence or absence of electrons is), where's jneutron when you need him. As I recall your insistence on making the differentiation added little but confusion.
"Charge" does't travel at 2/3 c either.
Yes we are back in a loop...
We really have difficulty communicating. JN did comment on this before also.....
Perhaps we are better off discussing the weather.
Yes he asked you about the resulting Cherenkov radiation, IIRC no answer was forth coming.
This is why a solution has to be engineered not just thrown together...
Consumer audio works in a benign environment, many sensitive analogue designs don't and have to work within an extreme range of temperatures and solutions can be engineered
Thermal issues with SMD devices can be controlled, do many power designs, doing a couple PSUs boards with control etc. SMD, board design and thermal solutions with the case etc. is the way to go.
Electrons at 2/3c wouldn't the design give of x-rays....😀
As to those who can hear so well, how do you handle everyday life, bet you cant tell the differences in DBT's😛
Consumer audio works in a benign environment, many sensitive analogue designs don't and have to work within an extreme range of temperatures and solutions can be engineered
Thermal issues with SMD devices can be controlled, do many power designs, doing a couple PSUs boards with control etc. SMD, board design and thermal solutions with the case etc. is the way to go.
Electrons at 2/3c wouldn't the design give of x-rays....😀
As to those who can hear so well, how do you handle everyday life, bet you cant tell the differences in DBT's😛
SMD devices are so much easier to control thermal issues it is almost silly. Particularly if you are doing an FEA analysis. The only problem is power ratings need to be compared at the same temperature rise an often neglected issue for amateurs.
Don't let Scott confuse things, the issue was if you have 1 e-8 or less amps current being carried by a 1M cable at 80% velocity what is the equivalent charge (delta) density? (How often do you need to inject a new charge per second to maintain that current flow vs. the time required for that charge induced wavefront to travel 1 M?)
Please don't get me started on what people think are double blind tests when they can't even name many of the variables. A good DBT is not trivial. Not sure if you were around when I mentioned the unit of sabins. The lack of knowledge as to what they were used for was astounding.
As if this isn't confused? 😕 And BTW what other major charge carriers are there in a metal that are not electrons?
This is as wrong now as it was last year
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Now that I've lost any audiophool cred I may have once had after refusing to describe any audio-hallucinatory experiences during sighted testing, the weather it is!
Check out the soundstage on that thunderclap!
Am I getting it right?
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Positrons! 😉
(To the average reader): remember that holes are best understood as sub-bandgap absences in available energy states (because said electron has, though one/many forms of incident energy, been excited into an above-bandgap state). Think bucket brigade where we call the empty bucket our "positive" carrier.
That said, we really only care about holes in semiconductors, which, by definition have their Fermi level (if you freeze out all the electrons at 0 K, this is the highest energy level that electrons could occupy) in the middle of the band gap (intrinsic, i.e. non-doped). Metals, by definition, have their Fermi level midband (not necessarily in the exact middle, however), so there are an abundance of energy states immediately local to the Fermi level. Those are useful for conduction when you're above, say, absolute zero. 🙂
Long and short of it: in metals, conduction is all by electrons. I mean, in ALMOST ALL cases (excepting states of matter that don't tend to live very long) conduction is by electrons, but we make distinctions about conduction in valence/conductance band when describing semiconductors.
Fun question: what's the difference between an insulator and a semiconductor?
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Conventionally, materials with a bandgap >9eV, since the probability of electrons (with thermal energy @ 300K only, kT/q=26meV) to jump from the valence band to the conduction band is almost zero.
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Yup. You've got to hit it with something crazy hard in order to pop carriers. Or melt it down. 😉
It is the difference between conforming and non-conforming electrons that appears to make Bybee's useful. '-)
No, I'm far too boring for that. 😀 I just wanted to cover my bases on someone coming along and saying there's an infinitesimal chance that a positron acts as a carrier before annihilation.
I also fear that the average reader still has no idea what I'm talking about! Hahaha. It's definitely the stuff that ruins many a poor undergrad in EE and physics from what I've seen/taught.
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