Variac .

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When is a Variac used as a useful tool ?

You can do lots of things with it, like: adjust the input line voltage of a circuit to spec;
bring up a circuit slowly to allow old capacitors to burn in; check for circuit stability
when powering up/down or with line sag/boost; test circuits that need lower input voltages
than the AC line, without a step down transformer.
 
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In troubleshooting, especially solid state units, I can bring up the mains gently, and watch for current ramping up (indicating trouble) before applying full power to the circuit. This is similar in purpose to the famous light bulb limiter.
 
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