No more combustion cars in UK from 2040?

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Depends on local circumstances. You will see the "hoards" using public transport every day in places like London - and in other major European cities.
True. It's been years since I went to London, I drove from Kings Cross to Wimbledon one day, it took 2hrs, the tube would have been quicker. People probably use public transport (the tube mainly?) in large numbers in London because it's quicker to move underground than on the surface, gives a new meaning to "rat-run". I hope most cities in the world are not like London and never will be.
 
Alberta. You mean Texas north. Recently in Edmonton and noticed that as you drive by the new car dealers it was hard to spot a vehicle that wasn't a pickup. But the gas is almost 40 cents a litre less than here in Vancouver.


For the general interest of our friends south of the 49th, our pump prices fluctuate wildly - for obscure reasons beyond just differing local municipal road / transit tax charges , and our currency to a lesser degree. Then there's the difference between US and Imperial gallon, but as of my last fill-up at $1.20 / litre that'd equal approx $4.54 CDN per US Gallon, or $5.46 per Imperial Gallon. Current pricing in Calgary seems to be running around .83 - .84 /liter

Earlier this spring, they spiked here at $1.42/liter = well over $5 a gallon.
 
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Smaller SUVs like the Nissan Rogue, KIA Sportage Honda Pilot and Ford Escape seem to be selling well around me.

Gas prices have been stable around $2.00/gallon for about two years now. Whenever gas prices go down I see more people opting for larger vehicles, only to trade them in a few years later when the gas price goes up.
 
> human waste ... gas ... for all heating purposes

Septic tanks are common here. I'm very familiar with mine.

Two pounds of poop a day will not make enough methane to heat a 2-person house for a day (in this climate). Not even if we save a huge amount of poop-gas (how?) over the summer for the next winter.

> ...in uk waste treatment works ..have both aerobic and anaerobic digestion phases.

That is how it works. The anaerobic bacteria (septic tank) will chew-up tough stuff, including human germs, into simpler compounds. The result is safe but not wholly inoffensive. Aerobic bacteria (septic field) will break-down those simple compounds. Mostly. The residual (as I found when the prior owner neglected the system) is "sludge" which has a mild odor but is incredibly hygroscopic. In Texas they spread it in the sun for a month, it breaks-down and dries-out. In Maine this is much slower. I had to move over a ton of sludge-filled soil out into the woods and lightly cover it to break-down eventually.

There's other ways. Strong chemicals will break-down poop, but at high ongoing cost and about the same tankage with more plumbing. Air-spray can hasten aerobic breakdown but needs more energy than a field, and can be offensive downwind. Air-injection (into a post-septic tank) is a thing. In high volume, settling-out and dumping more sludge may be the only way for a large town to manage. All phases of sewage have been applied on crops, and can be perfectly safe, but prone to problems including poor economics.

This is actually very interesting (you know a lot of **** !), it's an often underestimated requirement on infrastructure and transport.
 
... it's an often underestimated requirement on infrastructure and transport.

This was actually what I meant by downscaling, it would be easier to have a good overview of several small systems for sewage, rather than never really knowing where the leaks are in a big system. Not to mention that it would take less effort to get the crap out on the fields so to speak, and therefore cost less money.

Systems that are too small might be a problem when regarding efficiency, but if you have a system for a cluster of houses, or maybe a farm, and you use water dwell based heat pumps to aid in heating the process, you could have a relatively compact source of heat for that same cluster of houses, that use very little electricity and nothing else. Storing gas when it's hot enough and burning it in cold periods.
 
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A couple of months ago, I was returning home in bus. Near the Lanús railroad station (South zone of Buenos Aires) a "motorcycle (MC)" got near the "Bondi" (bus). I saw it from the window, something in it appeared to me "strange". When the semaphore put its green light, the bus and the MC started together, but the MC didn't do any noise. Then, I observed it more in detail, I saw that no tailpipe.

Finally, the MC run away much faster than the bondi. Then from its back, I saw a large poster with red letters "Lucky Lion Electric Motorcycle" (Pardon by citing the brand). Then, I understand why it lacks the exhaust pipe. This was the first I saw. By the moment, I didn't see cars. But MC are between us.
 
Effective public transport is sadly inadequate in many cities.
Leeds, rich city due to financial services is the largest city in Europe without a mass transit system. My local rail station, half the trains run on the electrified line, the other half are diesel.
I caught the train into Leeds the other day, the pollution in Leeds station, all roofed over, from idling diesel trains was unbelievable. Platform staff must be working in that all day.
There have been several Leeds public transport schemes proposed then abandoned over the past 40 or more years. If I was a cynic I'd say its because the south of the city that needs the better transport is also the poorer half of the city, ex-mining, ex-manufacturing. The stockbrokers live to the north of the city.
 
Yes because they are the easiest target.
Penalize diesels for particulates & switch to petrol - CO2 goes up.
Particulates are the target in cities.
Park & Ride schemes can be effective. My local rail station is largely being used as a Park & Ride. Shame the station car park wasn't built with that in mind. Many rail lines are too congested to increase train frequency. One major reason for the HS2 line is to separate express running to free up the existing lines for more frequent local trains. A point lost on many nay-sayers.
 
There could be a complete move to LPG or Ethanol which would mean keeping a lot of existing technology and help to reduce ground level polution by a few orders of magnitude. It's not a Panacea but.......
Replacing the existing technology with new has huge environmental implications just in the manufacturing and supply of it, in whatever form it takes. If 500 million all electric vehicles are needed to replace the 500 million + diesel or petrol vehicles that exist today can you imagine the energy cost of manufacture? Is their enough copper for motor windings? What about batteries? What about the power stations needed for charging and re-charging etc
Aircraft will still always need kerosene and many completely 'off grid' locations will perhaps always need the energy density of petrol/diesel. Ships could and will probably go all nuclear and fully robotic in time.
The biggest major infastructure project that is I feel 'the' most important would be the global linking of 'all' power generating systems to enable solar, hydroelectric, nuclear, wave, tidal and other Co2 neutral power systems to be balanced across the globe to aleviate the variations in generating capacity and need.
As I've said before, we are on the cusp of the next age of man and if we are going to achieve this advancement we are all going to have to think globally. Humans have always jumped up in large steps according to how much power he has at his disposal but we are now messing about trying to work out how to take the next big step when we really need to just get on with it. Globsl warming 'is' coming and millions continue to die because of pollution and illness and hunger because of our procrastination, or is it the financial grasping on to the last drop oil by the power mad.
I'll recommend again a read of 'A Prescription for the Planet' by Tom Blees to understand or at least allow you to think about what might be.
 
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