• WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES.
    Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be
    performed by someone who is thoroughly familiar with
    the safety precautions around high voltages.

Hybrid Circlotron Amplifier with only 3 components on the signal path

In any amplifier without output transformer and without output capacitor it is necessary use system to save the loudspeakers in case of output stage fault.

There are 2 method to protect the loudspeakers:

1) disconnect the loudspeakers
2) disconnect the power supply

The first introduce a relay on the signal path but I am sure this not influence the sound.

I have integrated in the soft-start the second method.
 
In any amplifier without output transformer and without output capacitor it is necessary use system to save the loudspeakers in case of output stage fault.
There are 2 method to protect the loudspeakers:
1) disconnect the loudspeakers
2) disconnect the power supply
The first introduce a relay on the signal path but I am sure this not influence the sound.
I have integrated in the soft-start the second method.
To this both methodes there are several sub methodes for DC protect without relais contact like polyswitch and normal fuses, (sometimes in combination with triac to blown away the fuses) and completly electronical protection (check out the schematics from Linn LK 2/280 and Klout anywhere here on diyaudio). Even a electronical relais contact replacement (e. g. through MOSFETs) sometimes is in use.
Check out in this case post #5 about
http://www.diyaudio.com/forums/solid-state/155939-mosfet-relais.html
 
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News:

some people ask me to get higher power near to 50w so I have create a new set of measurement at 45V DC bias 1A with 3 different mosfet

The EXICON mosfet have some limits in wide voltage range.

The new entry ALFET Class-d ACD100NSD Lateral Mosfets
Mosfets/Modules - Lateral MOSFETs - ACD100NSD Lateral Mosfets - Class D
give a good damping factor and a wide linear voltage range like the Hitachi.

The ALLFET are cheaper than Hitachi.

Soon I will update the website project page.
 

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