I noticed that wiki universe time lines show quasar / black holes not just quasars rather early on also first galaxies and stars. The /black holes is a link
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole
Black Holes temperature near 0K - down to general relativity. Hawkins radiation -QM. Hawkins has been reported as saying Einstein is wrong as he predicts as singularity, 🙂 Others have said Hawkins says things he wouldn't to the scientific community - price of fame maybe. One thing for sure is that a black hole could not radiate heat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole
Black Holes temperature near 0K - down to general relativity. Hawkins radiation -QM. Hawkins has been reported as saying Einstein is wrong as he predicts as singularity, 🙂 Others have said Hawkins says things he wouldn't to the scientific community - price of fame maybe. One thing for sure is that a black hole could not radiate heat.
It seems the talk time of a mobile phone assumes a transmit power of 0.5watt but that can reach 2 to 3w. The 0.5 is seen as an average.
Very interesting article here on TDE’s
https://phys.org/news/2024-01-intense-supermassive-black-holes-tidal.amp
https://phys.org/news/2024-01-intense-supermassive-black-holes-tidal.amp
Another of interest
https://phys.org/news/2023-08-supermassive-black-hole-collapse.html
😉 However black holes are done and dusted and fully understood.
https://phys.org/news/2023-08-supermassive-black-hole-collapse.html
😉 However black holes are done and dusted and fully understood.
I see, Bonsai, that you have joined the ranks of those who supply links without giving an indication of why they might be of interest!
The article speaks of a significant leap forward in understanding Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs).
A reminder:
A TDE is a rare event that occurs when a star is catapulted by gravitational perturbations directly towards a supermassive black hole.
The doomed star gets violently ripped apart in a matter of just a few hours, producing a highly energetic and luminous flare.
The oldest galaxies appeared around 400 million years after the universe was born.
To their surprise, scientists have found that quasars also began to appear at this point.
These distant quasars were powered by the first supermassive black holes to form in the universe.
How the first supermassive black holes formed is a puzzle. How could they have grown so big so early in cosmic history?
I remember you and I discussing this before.
Theoretical models predict that the first stars had masses between 100 and 1,000 solar masses and consequently would have had relatively short lifetimes in the order of only a few million years - before exploding as supernovae and leaving behind black holes.
These first stars predated the formation of galaxies, but were ultimately responsible for their formation as explained below:
The surface temperatures of these massive stars would have been about 17 times higher than the Sun’s, meaning that the first starlight in the universe would have been mainly ultraviolet radiation.
The UV light from the first stars reionised the surrounding neutral hydrogen gas, which led to the formation of galaxies - see attachment.
Attachments
The wiki has an entry on quasars. 2 extracts
Quasars inhabit the centers of active galaxies and are among the most luminous, powerful, and energetic objects known in the universe, emitting up to a thousand times the energy output of the Milky Way, which contains 200–400 billion stars. This radiation is emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum almost uniformly, from X-rays to the far infrared with a peak in the ultraviolet optical bands, with some quasars also being strong sources of radio emission and of gamma-rays.
Quasars are believed—and in many cases confirmed—to be powered by accretion of material into supermassive black holes in the nuclei of distant galaxies, as suggested in 1964 by Edwin Salpeter and Yakov Zeldovich.[19] Light and other radiation cannot escape from within the event horizon of a black hole. The energy produced by a quasar is generated outside the black hole, by gravitational stresses and immense friction within the material nearest to the black hole, as it orbits and falls inward.
Quasars inhabit the centers of active galaxies and are among the most luminous, powerful, and energetic objects known in the universe, emitting up to a thousand times the energy output of the Milky Way, which contains 200–400 billion stars. This radiation is emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum almost uniformly, from X-rays to the far infrared with a peak in the ultraviolet optical bands, with some quasars also being strong sources of radio emission and of gamma-rays.
Quasars are believed—and in many cases confirmed—to be powered by accretion of material into supermassive black holes in the nuclei of distant galaxies, as suggested in 1964 by Edwin Salpeter and Yakov Zeldovich.[19] Light and other radiation cannot escape from within the event horizon of a black hole. The energy produced by a quasar is generated outside the black hole, by gravitational stresses and immense friction within the material nearest to the black hole, as it orbits and falls inward.
Does Wiki mention their spinning jets?
And the way they seem to align with large-scale cosmic structures as shown in the artist's impression below?
https://astronomynow.com/2014/11/19/quasar-axes-align-with-large-scale-cosmic-structures/
That is the 'spewing-out' of energy that would otherwise interfere with the function of a Black Hole toDoes Wiki mention their spinning jets?
assist in the formation of another Big Bang.
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I can imagine that the first black holes were absolutely immense and quickly devoured any matter around them. Because of their huge mass, they had this outsize effect on everything around them - so huge accretion discs, friction etc. The quasars we see to day date back to the early universe so we really are looking a long way back. Are they even still there?
A bit of history - not that long an article. Einstein - black holes, they can't exist. Oppenheimer's minion - they can but it seems only via a collapsing star.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reluctant-father-of-black-holes-2007-04/
I can read these pages by refreshing them rather than entering my email. 😉 Love the way slide rules are dismissed - idiot.
More - mostly physics stackexchange etc related to time = 0 arguments. Eg concerning the singularity
https://physics.stackexchange.com/q...mpress-matter-infinitely-like-in-a-black-hole
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reluctant-father-of-black-holes-2007-04/
I can read these pages by refreshing them rather than entering my email. 😉 Love the way slide rules are dismissed - idiot.
More - mostly physics stackexchange etc related to time = 0 arguments. Eg concerning the singularity
https://physics.stackexchange.com/q...mpress-matter-infinitely-like-in-a-black-hole
It mentions structures and a link relating to them.
How the first black holes formed remains a puzzle.
One mechanism, called the "heavy seeds scenario", postulates they were formed from the direct collapse of vast clouds of gas, rather than from supernovae. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-puzzle-of-the-first-black-holes/
The JWST has recently observed the spectral features of a black hole in galaxy GN-z11, which is so far away that it existed a mere 400 million years after the Big Bang, or about 13.3 billion years ago. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.12492
The observations suggest that the first black holes were either born big or ballooned extremely rapidly early on.
What we need is a competent cosmologist.
2001: A Space Odyssey gets high marks from physicists: https://theweek.com/articles/445367/scientific-factcheck-2001-space-odyssey
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Cometh the Hour, Cometh The Man:
I cannot state it more clearly:
https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/einstein-rules-better-life/?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-gb
Best Regards from Steve in Portsmouth, UK. 🙂
I cannot state it more clearly:
https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/einstein-rules-better-life/?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-gb
Best Regards from Steve in Portsmouth, UK. 🙂
You supply an interesting link regarding Einstein's philosophy on life.
Not mentioned in that link is the one thing I have in common with Einstein - sleeping for at least 10 hours a day!
We're often advised to sleep on a difficult problem, but can it really be true that the theory of special relativity came to Einstein while he was dreaming about cows being electrocuted?
I must add though that, unlike Albert, I do wear socks!
As Far As I Know, (AFAIK) I am the only (Autistic) person here to hold a Certified Physics Degree. BSc.(Lon).
Admittedly a Lower Second. 🙁
Nevertheless; qualified to comment.
The World is built on Lies. Perhaps only an Autistic person can see this:
Goodnight and Good Luck. Best Regards from Steve, BSc (Lon), UK.
Admittedly a Lower Second. 🙁
Nevertheless; qualified to comment.
The World is built on Lies. Perhaps only an Autistic person can see this:
Goodnight and Good Luck. Best Regards from Steve, BSc (Lon), UK.