^ More justification for general relativity it would appear.
Quasars are among the brightest objects in the universe - luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes that are actively feeding on nearby material.
Most quasars are so far away that we are seeing them as they were when light left them billions of years ago.
The supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy is currently quiescent.
However, there is evidence to suggest that it may have been an active quasar just a few million years ago.
This evidence is in the form of two giant bubbles that extend 25,000 light-years above and below the galactic centre and are emitting gamma rays.
Quasars are among the brightest objects in the universe - luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes that are actively feeding on nearby material.
Most quasars are so far away that we are seeing them as they were when light left them billions of years ago.
The supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy is currently quiescent.
However, there is evidence to suggest that it may have been an active quasar just a few million years ago.
This evidence is in the form of two giant bubbles that extend 25,000 light-years above and below the galactic centre and are emitting gamma rays.
That particular aspect involves imaging an object and spreading their light to form a spectrum rather than the usual image. This can show absorption lines. Patterns of these can be red shifted and measured accurately. A page on the subject
https://itu.physics.uiowa.edu/labs/advanced/astronomical-redshift
QSO's to me. quasi stellar objects. Interesting beasts. From the wiki
So far, the clumsily long name "quasi-stellar radio sources" is used to describe these objects. Because the nature of these objects is entirely unknown, it is hard to prepare a short, appropriate nomenclature for them so that their essential properties are obvious from their name. For convenience, the abbreviated form "quasar" will be used throughout this paper.
In 2020, the quasar Pōniuāʻena was detected from a time only 700 million years after the Big Bang, and with an estimated mass of 1.5 billion times the mass of the Sun.[10][11] In early 2021, the quasar QSO J0313–1806, with a 1.6-billion-solar-mass black hole, was reported at z = 7.64, 670 million years after the Big Bang
Quasar discovery surveys have demonstrated that quasar activity was more common in the distant past; the peak epoch was approximately 10 billion years ago.
The wiki AGN page makes interesting reading. In a roundabout way it indicates where we are all heading - into a black hole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus
Those quasars may be now or maybe things are the wrong way round. LOL Something I have never seen discussed, Black holes form. Gravity increases until light can not escape. 😉 Up to that point they can produce any red shift you might care to think of. I notice that Einstein's gravitational red shift has now been clearly demonstrated.
Quasars belong to a class of objects known as active galactic nuclei (AGN).
Other classes include Seyfert galaxies and blazars. All three require supermassive black holes to power them.
Many scientists think they may be the same object, but seen from a different perspective.
https://www.space.com/17262-quasar-definition.html
The first quasar ever to be identified is 3C 273, which is one of the closest quasars to us at a mere 2.5 billion light-years away. It was discovered in the 1960s.
Other classes include Seyfert galaxies and blazars. All three require supermassive black holes to power them.
Many scientists think they may be the same object, but seen from a different perspective.
https://www.space.com/17262-quasar-definition.html
The first quasar ever to be identified is 3C 273, which is one of the closest quasars to us at a mere 2.5 billion light-years away. It was discovered in the 1960s.
The popular view is that the core of a quasar contains a disk of hot gas spiraling into a supermassive black hole. Some of that gas is forcefully ejected outward in two opposing jets at nearly the speed of light. The jets are emitted along the axis of rotation of the disc.
A research team has studied the quasar known as Q0957+561, located about 9 billion light-years from Earth, and found that the jets originate 8000 astronomical units (one unit equals distance from Sun to Earth) directly above the poles of the central object.
This point of origin leads to a view that there might be something very different at the heart of these galaxies to cause quasars. Instead of black holes consuming matter, there could be supermassive objects with powerful magnetic fields that act like propellers, churning matter back into the galaxy.
A New View of Quasars - Universe Today
A research team has studied the quasar known as Q0957+561, located about 9 billion light-years from Earth, and found that the jets originate 8000 astronomical units (one unit equals distance from Sun to Earth) directly above the poles of the central object.
This point of origin leads to a view that there might be something very different at the heart of these galaxies to cause quasars. Instead of black holes consuming matter, there could be supermassive objects with powerful magnetic fields that act like propellers, churning matter back into the galaxy.
A New View of Quasars - Universe Today
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"Fermi bubbles" - that's the name!
https://www.space.com/fermi-bubbles-milky-way-radiation-mystery.html
Quote: "No matter what, the bubbles are here, they're big, and we don't understand them."
However, I would hazard a bet that they are not explained by the Electric Universe! 😉
https://www.space.com/fermi-bubbles-milky-way-radiation-mystery.html
Quote: "No matter what, the bubbles are here, they're big, and we don't understand them."
However, I would hazard a bet that they are not explained by the Electric Universe! 😉
I vaguely recollect that Hubble imaged one.
In the area of stellar evolution the Orion nebulae is worth a read on the wiki. Stars forming from not just a cloud of hydrogen as it also contains dust. In interesting question is just where this came from and how it was produced.
The read - it's a very studied area and the wiki is nice and convenient.
An interesting object indeed!
The Orion Nebula (Messier 42) is the Earth's nearest stellar nursery at a distance of around 1,500 light-years.
It is bright enough to be seen with the human eye as a fuzzy grey smudge if one looks just below Orion's belt.
The dramatic image below shows supersonic "bullets" of gas and the wakes they create as they pierce through clouds of molecular hydrogen in the Orion Nebula.
The typical size of one of the bullet tips is about ten times the size of Pluto's orbit around the Sun. The wakes shown in the image are about a fifth of a light-year long. https://www.gemini.edu/node/226
The Orion Nebula (Messier 42) is the Earth's nearest stellar nursery at a distance of around 1,500 light-years.
It is bright enough to be seen with the human eye as a fuzzy grey smudge if one looks just below Orion's belt.
The dramatic image below shows supersonic "bullets" of gas and the wakes they create as they pierce through clouds of molecular hydrogen in the Orion Nebula.
The typical size of one of the bullet tips is about ten times the size of Pluto's orbit around the Sun. The wakes shown in the image are about a fifth of a light-year long. https://www.gemini.edu/node/226
The first attached image, courtesy of Hubble, shows Galaxy Messier 87 emitting a relativistic jet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_jet
The supermassive black hole at the centre of M87 was the first ever to be imaged, courtesy of the Event Horizon Telescope project, as shown in the second attached image.
Attachments
There are others mentioned here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_II_region
Also odd balls such as this one that we can't really get to grips with
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades
They are messier objects. Listed on their wiki, Various types of objects,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_II_region
Also odd balls such as this one that we can't really get to grips with
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades
They are messier objects. Listed on their wiki, Various types of objects,
When the galactic nuclei is active due to infalling matter, jets are formed at its poles. It is thought that the jet shape arises from powerful polar magnetic fields that focus the jets.
We can postulate that when the AGN goes dormant, the magnetic field strength at the BH poles declines, and the focusing force reduces dramatically. The result is the ejected material dissipates and you end up with the lobes as we see in the Milky Way. If the AGN fired up again, the jets reappear.
Valid question is why are the mag fields stronger when the AGN is active. Possibility because when ejecting material, particles become charged and charged particles in motion generate mag fields and mag fields move charged particles.
I read somewhere that the Milky Way BH jets were active as little as 3 or 4 MYA
We can postulate that when the AGN goes dormant, the magnetic field strength at the BH poles declines, and the focusing force reduces dramatically. The result is the ejected material dissipates and you end up with the lobes as we see in the Milky Way. If the AGN fired up again, the jets reappear.
Valid question is why are the mag fields stronger when the AGN is active. Possibility because when ejecting material, particles become charged and charged particles in motion generate mag fields and mag fields move charged particles.
I read somewhere that the Milky Way BH jets were active as little as 3 or 4 MYA
Ah! A jet of gas being ejected from a very young star.
The supersonic jet collides with the gas and dust in the surrounding nebula forming the colourful, wispy knots of emission at the bottom right of the image below, known as Herbig-Haro objects. https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/H/Herbig-Haro+Object
The exact mechanism is worthy of discussion, but here's a nice animation of a supermassive black hole to be getting on with:
In the case of the Milky Way, it has been theorised that it had an active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the past, but has since transitioned into a radio-quiet phase.
Could the Milky Way become a quasar again? A quasar might only happen once in the history of a galaxy and only last for a few million years:
https://web.archive.org/web/2006021...unibas.ch/press/satplane/M31_AAS207_PR06.html
Our own galaxy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way
It's odd how many times spinning comes up.
Our own galaxy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way
It's odd how many times spinning comes up.
Not really odd, since spinning is all to do with the conservation of angular momentum.
It has been suggested that the universe was born spinning and still retains the initial angular momentum within its galaxies.
I suppose this begs the question of what imbalance in the formation of the universe imparted the initial spin. 🤔
LOL Your not kidding
Another spin - a rather peculiar one as well
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titius–Bode_law
@cumbb, I have listened to Mr. Stephen J. Crothers' (a member of the world renowned Alpha Institute for Advanced Studies aka AIAS) interesting debunking of, well, just about EVERYTHING and EVERYBODY in Physics and Cosmology in the last hundred years!
http://www.sjcrothers.plasmaresources.com/
http://www.aias.us/
I have to admit I am shocked that the Big Bang never happened, that Black Holes don't exist, and that even Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle and Quantum Mechanics is nonsense.
Also out of the window goes even Feynnan's QED which I thought worked quite well! I am now, frankly, lost. I shall tear up all my old Physics books forthwith.🙂
Thank you for showing me the light. I now realise the Universe runs entirely on electricity. This must be true, because I have today fitted a new battery in my broken wristwatch and it has started working again!
How else can flying saucers work? Think about it.
Tesla was right! 😎
http://www.sjcrothers.plasmaresources.com/
http://www.aias.us/
I have to admit I am shocked that the Big Bang never happened, that Black Holes don't exist, and that even Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle and Quantum Mechanics is nonsense.
Also out of the window goes even Feynnan's QED which I thought worked quite well! I am now, frankly, lost. I shall tear up all my old Physics books forthwith.🙂
Thank you for showing me the light. I now realise the Universe runs entirely on electricity. This must be true, because I have today fitted a new battery in my broken wristwatch and it has started working again!
How else can flying saucers work? Think about it.
Tesla was right! 😎
There appears to be no accepted law which governs the orbital positions of the planets. Bode's law suggests that each planet should be approximately twice as far from the Sun as the one before. However, Bode's law correctly predicts the orbit of Uranus while failing to predict the orbit of Neptune.