Physics is all about models.
The topology of the universe remains open for discussion.
The usual torus (also called a 2-torus) embedded in three-dimensional space is shaped like a doughnut, but the concept of the torus can be extended to higher dimensional space as well.
The simplest and most studied topology of the universe is the 3-torus which is the analogue of the 2-torus, one dimension up.
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/a-few-of-my-favorite-spaces-the-three-torus/
The actual shape of a 3-torus universe is impossible to represent or imagine, but we can use the analogy of a 2-torus instead.
The topology of the universe remains open for discussion.
The usual torus (also called a 2-torus) embedded in three-dimensional space is shaped like a doughnut, but the concept of the torus can be extended to higher dimensional space as well.
The simplest and most studied topology of the universe is the 3-torus which is the analogue of the 2-torus, one dimension up.
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/a-few-of-my-favorite-spaces-the-three-torus/
The actual shape of a 3-torus universe is impossible to represent or imagine, but we can use the analogy of a 2-torus instead.
There's more to understand about the 2-torus - which I'll simply call a torus.
In the topological world, a torus is a two-dimensional space, or surface, with one hole.
So, if we use a doughnut to represent a torus, we are really talking about the surface of the doughnut (the glaze) and not the bread of the doughnut.
Mathematically. the torus can also be represented by a flat rectangle as in the Asteroids computer game.
The geometry and topology of the torus are explored here: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/a-few-of-my-favorite-spaces-the-torus/
In the topological world, a torus is a two-dimensional space, or surface, with one hole.
So, if we use a doughnut to represent a torus, we are really talking about the surface of the doughnut (the glaze) and not the bread of the doughnut.
Mathematically. the torus can also be represented by a flat rectangle as in the Asteroids computer game.
The geometry and topology of the torus are explored here: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/a-few-of-my-favorite-spaces-the-torus/
Model or symbol?
Also in physics only models of "things", "objects", or "changes" of "things", "objects", are possible;-)
A model of e.g. "Above" is not possible;-). But we can symbolize "Above";-)
But what do we mean by "Universe"? What, in difference to it, or identical after all?, with "Space-Time"-?
Also in physics only models of "things", "objects", or "changes" of "things", "objects", are possible;-)
A model of e.g. "Above" is not possible;-). But we can symbolize "Above";-)
But what do we mean by "Universe"? What, in difference to it, or identical after all?, with "Space-Time"-?
Engineering is a big hoax. This is obvious because it uses math, which is just "symbols" of "concepts" "things" "objects" "changes" is not "possible."
To the Illuminati brainwashed sheeple, I might be all smart and stuff. But in reality I'm using Masonic wizardry to concoct my electronic circuits. This is obvious, because math is BS.
To the Illuminati brainwashed sheeple, I might be all smart and stuff. But in reality I'm using Masonic wizardry to concoct my electronic circuits. This is obvious, because math is BS.
Brings back some pleasant times in a 4th year topology course. Amazingly powerful, i used a therom from that course to prove a 2nd year differential equation problem (i paid little attention in class and did little to no study). Prof said it was novel.
dave
Even considering your lack of attention, that makes you an expert topologist in comparison to me!
I can't tell the bottomology from the topology!
The Hollies obviously paid little attention to Mad Professor Blyth! 😉
Math allows me to predict the future, within my limits. For example, I filled up with gas at exit 27 on I 64 in Illinois. Will I be able to make it to 7 miles beyond exit 123 in New Albany IN on this tank of gas, or will I have to stop in Evansville or Jasper? Difference between getting home at 2 am or at 3. Frequently gas stations "on" I 64 are closed at night, in a random pattern, and they are not right by the freeway, like the sign says, they are frequently 4 miles away past 7 stop signs.
Math helps the space program put sensors on some of those bright lights we see in the sky at night, like Mars. As long as all the units of the models are all either metric or National Standard, but not mixed. As some of the crashes have proved.
Such calculating skills will be more important in the future. PBS Nova TV program tried to drive an electric Ford pickup from New Jersey to Portsmouth Maine. The database of available charge locations was wrong, the one in north Connecticut was a building site, not a working facility. I believe they had to stay an extra night in a motel, an expensive mistake with a 6 man TV recording crew.
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Where Math is of a great value: Predicting a problem has no solution.
It is a pity, or fun, to see people struggle at an issue that is impossible, wasting their time forever. Mathematically proved impossible.
Like fitting a square peg in a rond hole. With math you know wether that's possible or not.
Of course that one is easy, there are not so obvious cases like: Will that piece of furniture go through that door or that window ?
It is a pity, or fun, to see people struggle at an issue that is impossible, wasting their time forever. Mathematically proved impossible.
Like fitting a square peg in a rond hole. With math you know wether that's possible or not.
Of course that one is easy, there are not so obvious cases like: Will that piece of furniture go through that door or that window ?
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95% of them. At least until we started figuring out chaos/complexity theory and more and more powerful supercomputers allowed for the HUGE simulations needed to get a good guess at the solution.
dave
@planet10
I always thought engineers think they know everything, ergo ASR.
Lawyers don't care, whatever let's them bill.
Physicists are the best, the most intelligent, wise, people with a wonderful sense of humor, great audio systems and a finely tuned understanding of the World.
Mathematicians are nuts.
I always thought engineers think they know everything, ergo ASR.
Lawyers don't care, whatever let's them bill.
Physicists are the best, the most intelligent, wise, people with a wonderful sense of humor, great audio systems and a finely tuned understanding of the World.
Mathematicians are nuts.
What about trained in mathematics, with a healthy dose of physics and computer science, half the way to an EE?
And 5 years of intense listening training.
I do like to think i am not too normal.
dave
And 5 years of intense listening training.
I do like to think i am not too normal.
dave
You can not be both a physicist and mathematician. The mind set is very different. Physicists will look at the solution and throw away low order terms "because they go to zero". Because we know that when we toss a pencil, it drops to the ground. We are bound to a semblance of reality.
Mathematicians throw a fit when we do that. They know no reality.
I got degrees in both but I'm a physicist. I am normal, I would like to think. According to my models, I am normal... NP, Arnie Nudell both were trained as physicists too.... I have worked with many physicists as well. There is something running through the mentality of those, us, people... individual thinkers with a sense of humor. Some of the most weird, hmmm normal, people I've met. ;-)
Listening training? I used to do PA for a few years as a hobby.
I've worked closely with mathematicians too. They go beyond normal.. they are truly weird. In a nice way, I mean they are honest, and mostly funny, but they tend to be the most anal retentive of all scientists.
EE? All engineers... Truly useful people, very smart indeed. But they miss the Truly Big Picture. They have to. They can't afford to spend time being philosophers, they got to justify the R&D budget. I managed a firmware project once. The engineers were easy to deal with. The PhDs were my biggest challenge because they lack the discipline.
All of that said... I believe that the Speed of Light will not be a limit as we think it is today. Just as the Greeks had their science, and Newton had his, we have our current astrophysics and the Standard Model. The fact that we don't know what gravity is all about and that we only have models for the other forces that, so far, we have come up with, just describes the depth of our ignorance. Heck, we don't even know WHY things sound good, you expect us to understand space? I don't know how to deal with time as a coordinate system because it has causality, whereas the other physical dimensions don't seem to have that.
For all we know, we're in a 3D "Flatland" and we have 8 Dimensional Time Lords floating about us.
I do however find it interesting that we claim that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light.. which is the speed of photons too. Even in an Einsteinian space-time coordinate set. For all we know there are more physical dimensions so when we think of a distance in 3D, it maybe a shorter distance using other dimensions.
Think if it this way... when I travel from SoCal to the Puget Sound it's 1200 miles on the 5 interstate... but if I fly on an Alaska 737 it's 900 miles.
Mathematicians throw a fit when we do that. They know no reality.
I got degrees in both but I'm a physicist. I am normal, I would like to think. According to my models, I am normal... NP, Arnie Nudell both were trained as physicists too.... I have worked with many physicists as well. There is something running through the mentality of those, us, people... individual thinkers with a sense of humor. Some of the most weird, hmmm normal, people I've met. ;-)
Listening training? I used to do PA for a few years as a hobby.
I've worked closely with mathematicians too. They go beyond normal.. they are truly weird. In a nice way, I mean they are honest, and mostly funny, but they tend to be the most anal retentive of all scientists.
EE? All engineers... Truly useful people, very smart indeed. But they miss the Truly Big Picture. They have to. They can't afford to spend time being philosophers, they got to justify the R&D budget. I managed a firmware project once. The engineers were easy to deal with. The PhDs were my biggest challenge because they lack the discipline.
All of that said... I believe that the Speed of Light will not be a limit as we think it is today. Just as the Greeks had their science, and Newton had his, we have our current astrophysics and the Standard Model. The fact that we don't know what gravity is all about and that we only have models for the other forces that, so far, we have come up with, just describes the depth of our ignorance. Heck, we don't even know WHY things sound good, you expect us to understand space? I don't know how to deal with time as a coordinate system because it has causality, whereas the other physical dimensions don't seem to have that.
For all we know, we're in a 3D "Flatland" and we have 8 Dimensional Time Lords floating about us.
I do however find it interesting that we claim that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light.. which is the speed of photons too. Even in an Einsteinian space-time coordinate set. For all we know there are more physical dimensions so when we think of a distance in 3D, it maybe a shorter distance using other dimensions.
Think if it this way... when I travel from SoCal to the Puget Sound it's 1200 miles on the 5 interstate... but if I fly on an Alaska 737 it's 900 miles.
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