No it's the alien that generated the ? mark welcoming some one equally large with open arms.
I wondered what was going on with super resolution. Fairly new field. An explanation via an example
https://www.nature.com/articles/lsa201360
😵This cropped up
https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/rr/7752/
Super resolution dug up increased resolution via oblique illumination in microscopes. A run down by a prof I know but not met for several years
I'm not really surprised that evanescent waves possess dynamical properties that are in sharp contrast with knowledge about light and photons.
Not an optical phenomenon of which I was particularly aware, but evanescent waves lie at the heart of Total Internal Reflection Microscopy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection_microscopy
Here's what I have gleaned. Evanescent waves are formed when light waves are reflected off a dense to less dense optical interface at an angle greater than the critical angle (θc) so that total internal reflection (TIR) occurs.
When the incident light undergoes TIR, an optical disturbance occurs that takes the form of an evanescent wave which propagates parallel to the interface.
Apparently, an evanescent wave is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave!
Evanescent means tending to vanish, which is appropriate as the intensity of evanescent waves decays exponentially.
The "new twist" in your link seems to be a deeper understanding of these extrordinary properties of evanescent waves via a property called spin momentum.
I don't see a connection with gravity though! 😉
No, I don't either, but interesting.
I did this sort of optics at school and college, and most interesting it was...
Anybody remember how polaroid sunglasses help you see under water, past the reflections? It's a trick of linear polarisation.
There is a pretty good theory about all this to do with the arctan of the respective refractive indices, called the Brewster Angle for total polarisation of the reflection:
The evanescent wave is more to do with quantum tunneling, and it says some version of the wave has an effect beyond its usual energetically allowed boundary. Usually decays where sine waves turn into exponential curves, IIRC, because eveything gets multipled by i into the complex or negative solution.
https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/rr/7752/
Just my opinion, but I don't think there is any new photon physics in that one. Though I might have to think where the spin vector is pointing under each of the 4 possible polarisation conditions. But polarisation of light is an extremely strange thing. It can be linear or circular. Think spiral with circular polarisation. Some theories suggest that left or right circular is closer to a photon's true individual nature.
Curiously Beetles and Fireflies reflect or emit circularly polarised light:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization
Darndest thing! 😕
I did this sort of optics at school and college, and most interesting it was...
Anybody remember how polaroid sunglasses help you see under water, past the reflections? It's a trick of linear polarisation.
There is a pretty good theory about all this to do with the arctan of the respective refractive indices, called the Brewster Angle for total polarisation of the reflection:
The evanescent wave is more to do with quantum tunneling, and it says some version of the wave has an effect beyond its usual energetically allowed boundary. Usually decays where sine waves turn into exponential curves, IIRC, because eveything gets multipled by i into the complex or negative solution.
https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/rr/7752/
Just my opinion, but I don't think there is any new photon physics in that one. Though I might have to think where the spin vector is pointing under each of the 4 possible polarisation conditions. But polarisation of light is an extremely strange thing. It can be linear or circular. Think spiral with circular polarisation. Some theories suggest that left or right circular is closer to a photon's true individual nature.
Curiously Beetles and Fireflies reflect or emit circularly polarised light:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization
Darndest thing! 😕
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Not much but thought the spin aspect would be of interest. The rest possibly to some. Most would not see much point in the first post until they knew what needs to be done to biological specimens before they can be examined. It may well circumvent some of that which results in people wondering what the item really looks like.
Abbe's experiments - can be read about but the link demonstrates them. Mostly of interest to anyone who uses a microscope. Rather long video though. But related to diffraction.
Probing the universe.
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-voyager-will-do-more-science-with-new-power-strategy
Quiz:
Voyager II was launched in 1977.
The period of Plutonium 238 is 86 years.
Q1 Give the date, Voyager II power supply drop will be 50%.
Q2 How much is the present drop ?
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-voyager-will-do-more-science-with-new-power-strategy
Quiz:
Voyager II was launched in 1977.
The period of Plutonium 238 is 86 years.
Q1 Give the date, Voyager II power supply drop will be 50%.
Q2 How much is the present drop ?
Back to gravity, specifically the understanding of how general relativity and particle physics are related.
In general relativity, there are no particles, just spacetime. In the Standard Model of particle physics there's no gravity, just particles.
How to connect the two theories is a longstanding problem.
The current buzz term seems to be holographic duality which suggests that the theory of gravity and the theory of particles are mathematically equivalent.
Holographic duality hopes to provide new insights into the physics of quark-gluon plasma.
Baryonic matter is thought to be converted into quark-gluon plasma in a black hole.
So experimenting on the plasma is tantamount to experimenting on the extreme gravity of a black hole!
In general relativity, there are no particles, just spacetime. In the Standard Model of particle physics there's no gravity, just particles.
How to connect the two theories is a longstanding problem.
The current buzz term seems to be holographic duality which suggests that the theory of gravity and the theory of particles are mathematically equivalent.
Holographic duality hopes to provide new insights into the physics of quark-gluon plasma.
Baryonic matter is thought to be converted into quark-gluon plasma in a black hole.
So experimenting on the plasma is tantamount to experimenting on the extreme gravity of a black hole!
Homework more like!
Pleeez Sir, it's the weekend!
Note, for period, I would read half-life.
So the activity of Plutonium 238 halves every 86 years.
Steve can do the maths!
We'll get back to Quark-Gluon plasma after this extremely interesting Plutonium 238 quiz!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2
Let's see now. 3x Plutonium 238 fuelled 157W Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators, which decay by 5.593 MeV alpha emission to Uranium 234 at 0.57 Watts per gram with a Halflife of 87.7 years, with no significant further decay products within the Voyager 2 mission timescale.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-238
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator
Quite a neat gadget, IMO. Alphas (Helium 4 nuclei) are easy to radiation shield, being very limited penetration, and only Plutonium 238 or 239 dust getting into your lungs is considered quickly fatal. What is not to like?
Launch date 1977... Original Launch Electrical Generation total 470W. Presumably the thermocouples are considerably less than 100% efficiency, but waste heat could heat a spacecraft too, which might be a bonus.
I leave the rest to the interested student, but have noticed a discrepancy in the design performance at the present date. Perhaps RTG's are like LED light bulbs, they grow less efficient as they get older, which is something not many people know.
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft/
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/26/1048...-interstellar-mission-it-could-last-100-years
I only learned this tonight, but the Voyager Spacecraft carry 8-track tape recorders for data storage. Those wretched things were forever jamming in my car-journey musical experience. Whatever were NASA thinking of? 😳
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2
Let's see now. 3x Plutonium 238 fuelled 157W Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators, which decay by 5.593 MeV alpha emission to Uranium 234 at 0.57 Watts per gram with a Halflife of 87.7 years, with no significant further decay products within the Voyager 2 mission timescale.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-238
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator
Quite a neat gadget, IMO. Alphas (Helium 4 nuclei) are easy to radiation shield, being very limited penetration, and only Plutonium 238 or 239 dust getting into your lungs is considered quickly fatal. What is not to like?
Launch date 1977... Original Launch Electrical Generation total 470W. Presumably the thermocouples are considerably less than 100% efficiency, but waste heat could heat a spacecraft too, which might be a bonus.
I leave the rest to the interested student, but have noticed a discrepancy in the design performance at the present date. Perhaps RTG's are like LED light bulbs, they grow less efficient as they get older, which is something not many people know.
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft/
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/26/1048...-interstellar-mission-it-could-last-100-years
I only learned this tonight, but the Voyager Spacecraft carry 8-track tape recorders for data storage. Those wretched things were forever jamming in my car-journey musical experience. Whatever were NASA thinking of? 😳
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Did you know that quarks and gluons are collectively known as partons?
Who better to ask about quark-gluon plasma experiments than CERN and Prof. Brian Cox!
High-energy collisions of lead nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) explore Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under the most extreme conditions on Earth.
These collisions recreate the quark–gluon plasma (QGP): the hottest and densest fluid ever studied in the laboratory.
We do not have the quiz answers yet.
We just have a discussion about the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators powering Voyager, with answer "I leave the rest to the interested student".
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;-)
No problem, because impossible:
"Spacetime" is a concept only. Is a mental product. Has no physical relevance.
They are theories of different categories: for example "psychological" and "physical".
I'm leaving the answers up to the Electric Universe believers.
Their mathematical powers must be formidable, and now's their chance to demonstrate them.
I can't wait to see their answers!
That is true in terms of warping it but like Hoyle mentioning black holes terms can become rather popular. We do have space and time though 😉 so confuse things further by linking them together. We also have gravity.
The rubber disk demo does warp the rubber and the weight of the item in the middle and what is thrown in really does warp the rubber sheet and the masses inter react in much the same way as gravity does.
Better than their Golden Records which are write once read many!
But perhaps we should hope they are never read. ET may not be friendly! 👽
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-is-on-voyagers-golden-record-73063839/
Deformed is not the unphysical space-time but only something physical: rubber. The way how the rubber is deformed and how different objects interact with each other, brought in and pushed by a "third party", are purely mechanically explainable. Here different systems are sold as ONE system, at least: "world" (real "gravity", real objects are "attracted"...) and symbol (NOT model !-) of "bendable" "space-time" (rubber).
The rubber does NOT represent the claimed physical space-time but only a conceptual "2D" coordinate system!
A "4th dimension", "time", would have to be entered BEFORE a curvature! So we remain within a reference system and the "time", "bars", remain bound there, where they belong: Distances, spacings. Because, we remember: 1 second always remains 1 second, and 1 meter always remains 1 meter. No matter how much you "bend": You paint the rubber blanket with a grid, draw a line through it, which should represent, for example, a "photon", "light", and THEN you put or move an object with "mass", for example a ball, on it. So the rubber blanket story would be a halfway reasonable one.
If the rubber blanket would represent claimed bended "space-time" and should also "bend" the objects, matter, moreover still without the explainable "internal" rotation or push, spin or whatever..., then the objects, matter, MUST be bended in the recorded rastering...-)
... otherwise there would be no e.g. "black holes";-)
The rubber blanket leyer is a children's gag, unfortunately endeavored by children's "scientists" in a children's science in a children's world;-)-;
Attachments
Apparently it is to be played at 16 2/3 rpm! A stylus in included along with instructions an alien can read.
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/golden-record-cover/
Defined as a multiple of the fundamental 1s spin flip transition in Hydrogen. The 21cm Hydrogen Line.
Here's the answer to the mchambin Voyager puzzle:
"Quiz:
Voyager II was launched in 1977.
Plutonium 238 Half-life is 87.7 years.
Q1 Give the date, Voyager II power supply drop will be 50%.
Q2 How much is the present drop ? "
Q1 June 2065
Q2 It is at 69.5% of launch power 46 years down the road
Except it's NOT! 249/470 is 53%. I think it's wearing out. About 4kg of Plutonium 238 needed on each spacecraft by my merest guess. There's only about 20kg of the stuff in the World these days.
Good Mission, IMO. This is amazing and only 3 minutes long as a summary of the planet and moons pictures received:
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/golden-record-cover/
Defined as a multiple of the fundamental 1s spin flip transition in Hydrogen. The 21cm Hydrogen Line.
Here's the answer to the mchambin Voyager puzzle:
"Quiz:
Voyager II was launched in 1977.
Plutonium 238 Half-life is 87.7 years.
Q1 Give the date, Voyager II power supply drop will be 50%.
Q2 How much is the present drop ? "
Q1 June 2065
Q2 It is at 69.5% of launch power 46 years down the road
Except it's NOT! 249/470 is 53%. I think it's wearing out. About 4kg of Plutonium 238 needed on each spacecraft by my merest guess. There's only about 20kg of the stuff in the World these days.
Good Mission, IMO. This is amazing and only 3 minutes long as a summary of the planet and moons pictures received: