DIY linear tonearm

I've been waiting for this, welcome the objectivist Barleywater :), and I mean that in the nicest terms possible.


Barley,

Cd source will always be cleaner, there is no doubt about that, if you are interested in the cleanest "measured" sound possible, stick to cd, digital files, etc. I have not measured, nor has anyone here I'm sure, but I've used a test record on every change, my ears, and my eyes, and yes this arm won't be suitable for ultra high compliance cartridges, that was pointed out early on.

At the same time, I and I'm sure everyone else welcome you to build this arm and measure it :).

On a side note could you give detailed information regarding which linear arm this is a measurement from?, air bearing, mechanical or servo controlled, this makes a world of difference.
Colin
 
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Measurements

Would love to see some comparative measurements. I've been following this thread for months with great interest. Not that I prefer vinyl to CD. I simply have a significant amount of vinyl that is not available on CD and would like the best possible method for transfer. The old SME 3009 in my collection is definitely "OK", but if a low-cost linear alternative could be found for the job...so much the better. Would love to see comparisons - especially of air bearing vs Cantus/hobby car bearing. Though, I realize it's difficult to minimize the variables (different carts, tables, etc.) to make the measurements really meaningful.
 
What type of bearings are you using with your arm? Are you using dry bearings, bearings with light oil, or grease packed bearings (sealed of course)?

I received my bearings (5x9x3) which are supposedly lubricated with light oil. There is a dust shield on both sides of the bearing. Holding the bearing in my fingers it seems to move fairly freely. However when I put the bearings on the cart, they seem to be "stiff" in movement.

For each bearing pair, I am using M5 nylon screw and separating the bearings using 1mm width x .5mm heigh washers. It doesn't look like the washers are hitting the rim of the bearing, although I don't have a magnifying glass to make sure. I will attach a picture tonight of what I have setup for the cart.

Are you guys cleaning out any lubricants from your bearings?
 
Colin,

Qualitative measurements are totally lacking in this thread. I've taken time to look through entire postings. One mention of possible use of test record.

Lots of discussion about mass of components, cart, arm, carriage etc. Much mention of compliance. Entire mass of system may be viewed as masses attached to cantilever suspension. This tiny damped spring with mass of cantilever on one side, and moving mass of everything else on other. Low frequency oscillation of big mass are modulated onto signal picked up from groove, and are stimulated by groove.

Periodically, posts of recordings made from turntables show up. I look at these and see results such as these:

View attachment 400333

And:

View attachment 400334


Top pic is from a classic heavy 'S" arm, and second from a linear tracking arm. Primary resonances are respectively at about 8Hz and 14Hz. The relative levels to primary audio band are both quite high. The effects are quite audible, neither is good. All frequencies present in primary signal are accompanied by side bands corresponding in spread seen about fundamentals of low frequency resonance.

When similar analysis is done on CD sources, and other digital sources I get results like this:

View attachment 400335


Much, very much cleaner.

For given cartridge and moving mass of tonearm system, frequency of primary resonance is inversely proportional to moving mass.

Spring system of cantilever must be stiff enough to support motor structure in linear range, which is optimized for applied tracking force. Contact of stylus is governed by resonance of cantilever. This is influenced directly by mass of cantilever, speed of sound in the cantilever, mass of magnets or coils it is connect to, the damping characteristics of the cantilever, the damping of suspension/spring it is connected to and acoustic impedance of this connection. This isn't an exhaustive description. Modulation of the stylus contact with record surface is source of audio heard directly from playing record. This is readily verified by use of microphone to record the audio emissions.

Anyway, I would be delighted to see some real response recordings of your creations. Comparisons of recording with and without loudspeakers would be interesting to investigate as well. Great comparison would be of recording from record v source for producing record.

Welcome Barleywater ,

Thanks for your inputs , which are absolutely worth considering .

Altough I'm pretty certain that we will never come to a situation where we can say "this is the perfect picture" ... it is a way to confirm changes and make up our minds , asking ourself if we indeed are going somewhere better . or worse for that matter .

I'm trying to read myself through different methodes to measure and confirm the behaviour of a tonearm in action . but what is a good way to actually DO this measurings ? i.e. apropriate test rig , equipment , what to look for and more important what NOT to look for ?

Would you be kind enough to explain me ( perhaps also others here ) about how to make proper and worthwhile measurings on tonearm behaviour ?
I assume we are meant to see what's going on superposed on the Fr. respons of the outcoming signal , right ?

THX in advance ,
Paul
 
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What type of bearings are you using with your arm? Are you using dry bearings, bearings with light oil, or grease packed bearings (sealed of course)?

I received my bearings (5x9x3) which are supposedly lubricated with light oil. There is a dust shield on both sides of the bearing. Holding the bearing in my fingers it seems to move fairly freely. However when I put the bearings on the cart, they seem to be "stiff" in movement.

For each bearing pair, I am using M5 nylon screw and separating the bearings using 1mm width x .5mm heigh washers. It doesn't look like the washers are hitting the rim of the bearing, although I don't have a magnifying glass to make sure. I will attach a picture tonight of what I have setup for the cart.

Are you guys cleaning out any lubricants from your bearings?

I've tried a couple different bearings by different manufactures.
I've found that if I put a bearing thats sealed and lubricated on a wood pencil
and give it a spin, it doesnt perform as well as one that has the shields removed and the bearings free of all grease or oil. I've tried light hobby oil
as well, still the cleaned bearings spin much better free.
These are just my results, others have had different.
 
Hello lexx21

I will try popping a couple of them open tonight and clean out the lubricant with gasoline. That should get rid of what is there.

There is no need to "pop" the shields from your bearings.
Get a small glass vial and soak the bearings in a solvent that leaves no residue.
The solvent I used was designed to clean printed circuit boards and it evaporates very quickly. The closed vial keeps it liquid. I kept the bearings in the vial for several days and agitated it gently several times. Then I blew the solvent and dissolved grease out of the bearing with clean dry air (not air from a compressor)
My straight-line tracking tone arm would not work with greased bearings but after removing the grease/oil, it tracks wonderfully. The shields, not to be confused with seals, are retained by the outer race and do not touch the inner race.
Oil or grease increases the torque required to rotate the bearing.

Sincerely,

Ralf
 
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Another pic, just for the fun of it :).
 

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What chemical did you use to remove the lubricant? A normal degreaser that you would find in the grocery store would certainly work but it is water based, so not a good idea. Gasoline would do it as well, but as was mentioned... residue.


There is no need to "pop" the shields from your bearings.
Get a small glass vial and soak the bearings in a solvent that leaves no residue.
The solvent I used was designed to clean printed circuit boards and it evaporates very quickly. The closed vial keeps it liquid. I kept the bearings in the vial for several days and agitated it gently several times. Then I blew the solvent and dissolved grease out of the bearing with clean dry air (not air from a compressor)
My straight-line tracking tone arm would not work with greased bearings but after removing the grease/oil, it tracks wonderfully. The shields, not to be confused with seals, are retained by the outer race and do not touch the inner race.
Oil or grease increases the torque required to rotate the bearing.

Sincerely,

Ralf
 
Arch,



It's an original pressing of Abbey Rd, not badly warped but has been well loved over the years by whoever owned it :).

For tests on this arm they have been fairly basic, frequency sweep through headphones and speakers, silent grooves for rumble tests and low frequency woofer pumping along with channel separation tests consisting of seperate tones L to R and multiple tones seperate frequency in each channel. Since I had modified the headshell it has diminished woofer pumping to almost nothing visible, and that is my low frequency noise test :). Wih a frequency sweep and no volume using a Stethescope on the plinth you can easily find any resonance "nodes", simple, almost crude but it tells you what no sim could ever tell you. This also allows you to pinpoint where to damp and with what suitable material and where it will be most effective .

Colin
 
Arch,
It's an original pressing of Abbey Rd, not badly warped but has been well loved over the years by whoever owned it :).

For tests on this arm they have been fairly basic, frequency sweep through headphones and speakers, silent grooves for rumble tests and low frequency woofer pumping along with channel separation tests consisting of seperate tones L to R and multiple tones seperate frequency in each channel. Since I had modified the headshell it has diminished woofer pumping to almost nothing visible, and that is my low frequency noise test :). Wih a frequency sweep and no volume using a Stethescope on the plinth you can easily find any resonance "nodes", simple, almost crude but it tells you what no sim could ever tell you. This also allows you to pinpoint where to damp and with what suitable material and where it will be most effective .

Colin

Hi Colin,

What took you so long? I used resonance nodes way back when I first built the Corian TT. Also used that approach to find the most effective position for TT mounting spikes on it. So when are you going to build a violin. Or maybe are there any violin builders out there that are going to make the next prize winning TT? All kidding aside, I'm glad you too have discovered the technique.

Rgds,

BillG
 
Neugruen,


That's a neat looking arm, length of a pivoted and a clever scheme for tangential tracking :). The more Ive played with the linear concept the more I'm thinking just tangential tracking is not the whole story to musical enjoyment. At the end of the day it's all flawed, vinyl is a flawed medium, but the uncanny speed of a short arm on transients and resolution keep me in short arm territory. With vinyl, I love the sound of it, perfect no, but no jitter problems :D, its kind of a pick your poison game. I do however like the whole wheels and traversing the path that the lathe on every single lp ever produced in the history of the lp has traversed when cutting the acetate for our beloved records :)

Colin



Colin
 
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