What is the Universe expanding into..

Do you think there was anything before the big bang?

  • I don't think there was anything before the Big Bang

    Votes: 56 12.5%
  • I think something existed before the Big Bang

    Votes: 200 44.7%
  • I don't think the big bang happened

    Votes: 54 12.1%
  • I think the universe is part of a mutiverse

    Votes: 201 45.0%

  • Total voters
    447
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Look, the Joke is the Waitress was a far better Mathematician than the two characters in the Bar. She is undoubtedly a Major in Mathematics at Stanford University!

Just doing a job in the Bar to pay for her studies.

Consider these two Characters. Thought they'd build a Robot.

View attachment 1043871

Robot turned out to be very smart indeed.
Yes as I mentioned, I did surmise that. But again, how is this 'funny'? Is it because she is in "Stanford"? Does that have something to do with it? An 'inside' joke perhaps? Paying for her studies?
Honestly, the Irishmen joke is better, don't you agree? 😉
 
Look, the Joke is the Waitress was a far better Mathematician than the two characters in the Bar. She is undoubtedly a Major in Mathematics at Stanford University!

Just doing a job in the Bar to pay for her studies.

Consider these two Characters. Thought they'd build a Robot.

View attachment 1043871

Robot turned out to be very smart indeed.
Now Steve, tell us what the test was. Come on now Chopper, surely you don't need Spike jumping back and forth across your back to support you. Do you?
We know it has something to do with post#8,774.
I was simply asking for an educated opinion, the answer to which I know you are well versed in.

In any case, it does appear no one is inclined to state the obvious to the query that instigated this little interwhatever..."What was Einstein's ultimate goal in his quest for knowledge"?
I believe it would be on topic, but...well, you know.
 
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My current takeaway is that spin works very differently with massive and massless particles. This is where we should focus.

Before focusing on "spin", perhaps it would be helpful to understand the meaning of the word as applied to fundamental particles.

It appears that "spin" or "intrinsic spin" is the quantum counterpart of angular momentum.

However, unlike the ice skater we discussed earlier, the intrinsic spin of a fundamental particle has nothing to do with actual spinning.

Fundamental particles do have angular momentum, but it's just another property they have, like charge or mass.

I found this statement which sums up the above: "At the subatomic scale intuition becomes about as useful as a pogo stick in a chess game." 😁
 
Massive particles have more potential states of spin than massless ones. That's it really. A W(+) or W(-) Boson which is spin 1 like a photon has 3. The photon has two.

The W Boson, as mentioned, is in the news. It's about 1% heavier than it ought to be, according to a review of years of Fermilab data.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/ferm...-enough-to-break-the-standard-model-20220407/

Doesn't sound like much, and maybe it's just an error in measuring. Hypothesis is there is a new particle lurking in its decay modes.

There's still the Muon g-2 anomaly too. That's something to do with its magnetic moment not being exactly 2, IIRC.
 
Bosons (e.g. photons) are massless particles with integer spin.

In 1924, Einstein pointed out that bosons could condense in infinite numbers into the same energy state.

Little attention was paid to Einstein's idea at the time, but it had become an important field of research by the time my son was touring the physics labs of his university to be in 2005.

I accompanied him, and remember being shown an experiment involving the 'Bose-Einstein condensate', the conditions for achieving which are quite extreme.
 
I wasn't going to rise to the bait! This particular (Schrodinger's) Cat has only one life... 😀

Previously on "The Expanding Universe" I explained how to make wormholes.

Space Warps by system7.png


It's Official! I can already see that Nobel Prize dropping through my letterbox:

Daily Star Wormholes.jpg


As I always say, you can't beat the system.
 
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