Two days after NASA's DART slammed into Dimorphos, the asteroid had grown a tail of glowing debris extending thousands of miles!
Dimorphos' new tail was imaged by astronomers using the 4.1 metre Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope in Chile.
Dimorphos' new tail was imaged by astronomers using the 4.1 metre Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope in Chile.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to the three scientists who laid the groundwork for the understanding of quantum entanglement.
They are French physicist Alain Aspect, Austria's Anton Zeilinger and American John Clauser.
Many nations are working to make quantum communication a reality. Messages sent between satellites and ground stations using entangled photons would theoretically be impossible to hack. An interception by a third party would be apparent because any change made to one photon in an entangled system will affect the other.
They are French physicist Alain Aspect, Austria's Anton Zeilinger and American John Clauser.
Many nations are working to make quantum communication a reality. Messages sent between satellites and ground stations using entangled photons would theoretically be impossible to hack. An interception by a third party would be apparent because any change made to one photon in an entangled system will affect the other.
Quantum Entanglement was labelled as "Spooky Action at a Distance" by Mr. Einstein. It is generally considered that Mr. Einstein was a bit weak on Quantum Mechanics, to our embarrassment.
He was a Classical Mechanics man at heart.
It's nothing to do with communicating faster than light!
I have been brushing up on Physics lately:
"Seven Brief Lessons on Physics" by Carlo Rovelli.
And my next read which is "About Time" by Paul Davies.
Already I have grasped that "Quantum Entanglement" in secure message sending distinguishes between the two apparatus secure communication, and the one where a SPY adds a third apparatus.
In the case of single photons or electrons in mixed quantum states, these are distinguishable.
The Truth about the Quantum is that it is not the particles which matter, it is the interactions. If the particles are not doing anything, they might as well not exist. This goes against our intuition.
Interesting briefish Nobel Lecture reads from Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrodinger here:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/dirac/lecture/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/schrodinger/lecture/
Presumably we will get lectures from the Entanglement winners which may clarify matters further. 🙂
He was a Classical Mechanics man at heart.
It's nothing to do with communicating faster than light!
I have been brushing up on Physics lately:
"Seven Brief Lessons on Physics" by Carlo Rovelli.
And my next read which is "About Time" by Paul Davies.
Already I have grasped that "Quantum Entanglement" in secure message sending distinguishes between the two apparatus secure communication, and the one where a SPY adds a third apparatus.
In the case of single photons or electrons in mixed quantum states, these are distinguishable.
The Truth about the Quantum is that it is not the particles which matter, it is the interactions. If the particles are not doing anything, they might as well not exist. This goes against our intuition.
Interesting briefish Nobel Lecture reads from Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrodinger here:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/dirac/lecture/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/schrodinger/lecture/
Presumably we will get lectures from the Entanglement winners which may clarify matters further. 🙂
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to the recipients “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”.
Full details are contained in this press release: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/
John Clauser performed an experiment whose measurements supported quantum mechanics by clearly violating a Bell inequality.
Alain Aspect developed the experimental setup, using it in a way that closed an important loophole.
Anton Zeilinger demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation, which makes it possible to move a quantum state from one particle to one at a distance.
P.S. I can't even begin to explain what's behind "violating a Bell inequality"!
Full details are contained in this press release: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/
John Clauser performed an experiment whose measurements supported quantum mechanics by clearly violating a Bell inequality.
Alain Aspect developed the experimental setup, using it in a way that closed an important loophole.
Anton Zeilinger demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation, which makes it possible to move a quantum state from one particle to one at a distance.
P.S. I can't even begin to explain what's behind "violating a Bell inequality"!
Finding out more! 🤓
By showing that a Bell inequality has been violated, John Clauser has confirmed that the concept of instantaneous "action at a distance" is fundamental to quantum mechanics.
"Action at a distance" is in contrast to the "principle of locality" which states that an object is influenced directly only by its immediate surroundings.
To help understand the contrast, compare Newton's "action at a distance" explanation of gravity with Einstein's "local theory" which states that objects with mass are influenced directly by their immediate surroundings, i.e., by interacting with curved spacetime.
In quantum mechanics, "locality" has been problematic - until the work of these Nobel prize winners that is! 😎
By showing that a Bell inequality has been violated, John Clauser has confirmed that the concept of instantaneous "action at a distance" is fundamental to quantum mechanics.
"Action at a distance" is in contrast to the "principle of locality" which states that an object is influenced directly only by its immediate surroundings.
To help understand the contrast, compare Newton's "action at a distance" explanation of gravity with Einstein's "local theory" which states that objects with mass are influenced directly by their immediate surroundings, i.e., by interacting with curved spacetime.
In quantum mechanics, "locality" has been problematic - until the work of these Nobel prize winners that is! 😎
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Don't want to go into Bell's Inequality, because I don't really look at things that way.
I know the name Anton Zelinger:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger_state
He did this years ago. in 1989, undoubtedly right. About paired (entangled) singlet, unpaired doublet and unpaired triplet states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state
Discussed in Harvard Prof. Sidney Coleman's famous lecture "Quantum Mechanics in your face".
The bottom line is "Quantum Statistics" yield different results from "Classical Statistics". Proveably so.
Entanglement experiments can seem to break the rules on what you can know, but really the dice are loaded. The message sender or receiver has prepaired an entangled pair of, say, electrons with spin being whatever he chooses. He sends/receives to the second system. The third system being the SPY, doesn't have access to this information, therefore is disadvantaged.
It's a bit like the Monty Hall Problem. Monty knows there are two doors hiding a goat and one hiding a car. When the contestant guesses on one door, he has a one third chance of winning a car. If he switches after Monty has opened another door to reveal a goat, the contestant should switch doors. He now has a two thirds chance of winning a car. Most people don't believe this:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem
Thing is, it is a prepared state, bit of a cheat if you like, and Monty knows more than the contestant.
I suppose this is "Quantum Information Theory" rather than Claude Shannon's similar "Classical Information Theory".
I know the name Anton Zelinger:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger_state
Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state
He did this years ago. in 1989, undoubtedly right. About paired (entangled) singlet, unpaired doublet and unpaired triplet states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state
Discussed in Harvard Prof. Sidney Coleman's famous lecture "Quantum Mechanics in your face".
The bottom line is "Quantum Statistics" yield different results from "Classical Statistics". Proveably so.
Entanglement experiments can seem to break the rules on what you can know, but really the dice are loaded. The message sender or receiver has prepaired an entangled pair of, say, electrons with spin being whatever he chooses. He sends/receives to the second system. The third system being the SPY, doesn't have access to this information, therefore is disadvantaged.
It's a bit like the Monty Hall Problem. Monty knows there are two doors hiding a goat and one hiding a car. When the contestant guesses on one door, he has a one third chance of winning a car. If he switches after Monty has opened another door to reveal a goat, the contestant should switch doors. He now has a two thirds chance of winning a car. Most people don't believe this:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem
Thing is, it is a prepared state, bit of a cheat if you like, and Monty knows more than the contestant.
I suppose this is "Quantum Information Theory" rather than Claude Shannon's similar "Classical Information Theory".
I hadn't yet researched the timeline of the individual recipients' contributions to the Nobel prize, Steve, but here it is now:
John Clauser's experimental work on testing the Bell inequality was published in 1972.
Alain Aspect began building on Clauser's work in 1974 with his key experiments following in 1982.
Anton Zeilinger used quantum entanglement in 1997 to develop quantum teleportation.
These guys have been waiting a long time to be awarded their well deserved Nobel prize!
John Clauser's experimental work on testing the Bell inequality was published in 1972.
Alain Aspect began building on Clauser's work in 1974 with his key experiments following in 1982.
Anton Zeilinger used quantum entanglement in 1997 to develop quantum teleportation.
These guys have been waiting a long time to be awarded their well deserved Nobel prize!
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I was curious where the 2022 Nobel Prize was going this year. We haven't had much stunning new Physics lately, so a delve in the back catalogue of 30-y-o plus Entanglement was reasonable.
Bell's Theorem is surely correct:
https://cerncourier.com/a/half-a-century-of-bells-theorem/
This is a deeply complex subject that nearly everyone (including me) gets confused about. But Bell's insight was that theories of local hidden variables might be wrong. Thus it turned out. Non-Locality means Local Hidden Variables are wrong. The Bell Inequality is based on Local Hidden Variables. It is provably violated, and simpler Quantum Mechanics is right.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_theorem
I could be wrong on this, but my understanding is that in the Monty Hall Quantum Statistics Problem, the contestant might have a 3/4 chance of winning a car, rather than 2/3. Thus violating Bell's Inequality.
I am still in a muddle what "Quantum Teleportation" might be, exciting as it sounds. I thought it was established that it is impossible to prepare two totally identical Quantum States.
Definite Takeaways for me is that there is NO "Spooky Action at a Distance", and "God DOES play dice". 😎
Bell's Theorem is surely correct:
https://cerncourier.com/a/half-a-century-of-bells-theorem/
This is a deeply complex subject that nearly everyone (including me) gets confused about. But Bell's insight was that theories of local hidden variables might be wrong. Thus it turned out. Non-Locality means Local Hidden Variables are wrong. The Bell Inequality is based on Local Hidden Variables. It is provably violated, and simpler Quantum Mechanics is right.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_theorem
I could be wrong on this, but my understanding is that in the Monty Hall Quantum Statistics Problem, the contestant might have a 3/4 chance of winning a car, rather than 2/3. Thus violating Bell's Inequality.
I am still in a muddle what "Quantum Teleportation" might be, exciting as it sounds. I thought it was established that it is impossible to prepare two totally identical Quantum States.
Definite Takeaways for me is that there is NO "Spooky Action at a Distance", and "God DOES play dice". 😎
Good article, Steve. 😎
In simple terms:
John Bell calculated a theoretical limit beyond which measurements must have a quantum, rather than a classical, explanation.
Alain Aspect's measurements exceeded Bell's limit and his work is described as fundamental to the move toward practical applications of quantum entanglement.
I recently saw an interesting TV programme which followed a research team as they attempted to carry out a quantum entanglement experiment.
In it, the experimenters endeavoured to ensure they did not personally affect the outcome of the experiments by instead allowing the light from distant quasars to operate the equipment!
https://news.mit.edu/2018/light-ancient-quasars-helps-confirm-quantum-entanglement-0820
In simple terms:
John Bell calculated a theoretical limit beyond which measurements must have a quantum, rather than a classical, explanation.
Alain Aspect's measurements exceeded Bell's limit and his work is described as fundamental to the move toward practical applications of quantum entanglement.
I recently saw an interesting TV programme which followed a research team as they attempted to carry out a quantum entanglement experiment.
In it, the experimenters endeavoured to ensure they did not personally affect the outcome of the experiments by instead allowing the light from distant quasars to operate the equipment!
https://news.mit.edu/2018/light-ancient-quasars-helps-confirm-quantum-entanglement-0820
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I can only quote from "Brilliant Math & Science Wiki"!
"In quantum teleportation, the properties of quantum entanglement are used to send a spin state (qubit) between observers without physically moving the involved particle. The particles themselves are not really teleported, but the state of one particle is destroyed on one side and extracted on the other side, so the information that the state encodes is communicated."
And, you'll be glad to know that, "The process is not instantaneous, because information must be communicated classically between observers as part of the process."
Quantum teleportation is said to be vital to the operation of quantum computers, and in the development of a "quantum internet".
"The Quantum Conspiracy"?
I'm almost frightened to watch that video, Pete! 😉
From what I see from a quick look, the lecture starts off by examining the double slit experiment.
I see there is a section within the lecture that may have relevance to the current discussion on quantum entanglement.
I'll try to find the time at which the relevant section starts.
P.S. I did a text EDIT and can also add the time as 21.14, or so it would appear. I'll need to watch it later.
I'm almost frightened to watch that video, Pete! 😉
From what I see from a quick look, the lecture starts off by examining the double slit experiment.
I see there is a section within the lecture that may have relevance to the current discussion on quantum entanglement.
I'll try to find the time at which the relevant section starts.
P.S. I did a text EDIT and can also add the time as 21.14, or so it would appear. I'll need to watch it later.
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Don't be afraid, I had to watch it 3 times so far to get a grasp on his perspective and still don't get it. I know you will. 🙂
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