I think we can take a break from Relativity now. I am keen to spend time on Cosmic Rays.
Frankly, these things worry me. Apparently:
Cosmic ray physics: Extremely powerful particles are slamming into the Earth. - Vox
Some bright spark wants people to download an App that turns your phone camera into a Cosmic Ray detector:
CRAYFIS: The app that turns your phone into a cosmic ray detector.
Gonna burn battery life IMO. But who knows? A large array of inexpensive detectors.
Frankly, these things worry me. Apparently:
Cosmic ray physics: Extremely powerful particles are slamming into the Earth. - Vox
Some bright spark wants people to download an App that turns your phone camera into a Cosmic Ray detector:
CRAYFIS: The app that turns your phone into a cosmic ray detector.
Gonna burn battery life IMO. But who knows? A large array of inexpensive detectors.
Cosmic rays affected the evolution of life on Earth!
Cosmic rays may be responsible for chirality or 'handedness' in biomolecules such as RNA, DNA and amino acids.
Chirality (chemistry - Wikipedia)
Life only uses one form of molecular handedness - not the mirror image form. In the case of DNA, a single wrong handed sugar would disrupt the stable helical structure of the molecule.
Louis Pasteur first discovered homochirality in 1848. Since then, scientists have debated whether the handedness of life was driven by random chance or some direct influence.
It is now proposed that homochirality is due to the fact that the evolution of life occurred amidst the sea of cosmic radiation from space.
Researchers hypothesise that, at the beginning of life of on Earth, cosmic radiation favoured the evolution of the biological handedness we see today.
How cosmic rays may have shaped life -- ScienceDaily
Cosmic rays may be responsible for chirality or 'handedness' in biomolecules such as RNA, DNA and amino acids.
Chirality (chemistry - Wikipedia)
Life only uses one form of molecular handedness - not the mirror image form. In the case of DNA, a single wrong handed sugar would disrupt the stable helical structure of the molecule.
Louis Pasteur first discovered homochirality in 1848. Since then, scientists have debated whether the handedness of life was driven by random chance or some direct influence.
It is now proposed that homochirality is due to the fact that the evolution of life occurred amidst the sea of cosmic radiation from space.
Researchers hypothesise that, at the beginning of life of on Earth, cosmic radiation favoured the evolution of the biological handedness we see today.
How cosmic rays may have shaped life -- ScienceDaily
Exactly what kind of "high energy particles" are these? Does it include neutrinos, which only very rarely interact with matter? I recall there are three types of neutrinos, and vagely recall reading of a recently discovered fourth kind.
As I may have posted before, I was more interesed in this stuff several decades back, but haven't really kept up other than reading the occasional science news posts from Twitter science writers and this thread. If I really wanted to understand it (or, perhaps alternatively, get a degree in physics), I'd study all this stuff a lot harder.
It's enough that I have a decent idea of how to make an audio power amp (maybe, sorta).
There's a veritable smorgasbord of particles associated with cosmic radiation.
Secondary cosmic radiation includes particles such as protons, alpha particles, pions, muons, electrons, neutrons and neutrinos.
Cosmic ray - Wikipedia
The "high energy particles" to which I referred were those in the 1 x 10^9 GeV (Gigaelectronvolt) range.
You've been shown the relevant mathematics from the special theory of relativity.
Your everyday mathematics does not apply to objects moving at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light
There is really nothing more to add - get over it!
Neutrinos pass right through us at a rate of 60-60 billion per sq. cm (mainly from the Sun) Since they do not react with ordinary matter I don’t think they are considered HE particles or UHE particles.
IIUC, HE particles are protons or similar accelerated to very high relativist velocities. In the earlier link Steve posted, it was noted that for many of these, the production mechanism was not understood - at lower energy levels, a lot come from the Sun and they know how. But stuff like the ‘oh my God’ particle, it remains a mystery.
IIUC, HE particles are protons or similar accelerated to very high relativist velocities. In the earlier link Steve posted, it was noted that for many of these, the production mechanism was not understood - at lower energy levels, a lot come from the Sun and they know how. But stuff like the ‘oh my God’ particle, it remains a mystery.
You have to think about the passage of time with each object and their velocity. At 2/3 c, the speed is relativistic and time will have slowed down for both objects from their perspective, so they won’t hit each other at 4/3 c, but the figure quoted earlier per the math.
(See Einstein’s famous ‘Bern Post Office Clock’ eureka moment for how he came to understand this - and it was all linked to c)
(See Einstein’s famous ‘Bern Post Office Clock’ eureka moment for how he came to understand this - and it was all linked to c)
Okay, I get that. But is perspective reality? I mean the greater impact shows there is a difference between the two, oiow their practicality. How do you put perspective to use?
I had to know what the Bern Clock is:
BBC - Travel - The clock that changed the meaning of time
Back to Cosmic Rays, the muons (heavy electrons) that hit our heads so regularly seem to be harmless:
Muon - Wikipedia
Decay into electrons and neutrinos which are harmless. Of course there are other types of cosmic rays.
BBC - Travel - The clock that changed the meaning of time
Back to Cosmic Rays, the muons (heavy electrons) that hit our heads so regularly seem to be harmless:
Muon - Wikipedia
Decay into electrons and neutrinos which are harmless. Of course there are other types of cosmic rays.
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Einstein wrestled with the same question as yours: How was it possible for two people to see the same event in such totally different ways i.e. to have two such totally different perspectives?
The answer he arrived at was simply that time can beat at different rates throughout the universe, depending on an object's speed.
From the perspective of a stationary person watching your rapidly retreating rockets, time in the each of the rockets would appear to slow down compared to his own clock which would be beating normally.
So, from that person's perspective, the rockets do not appear to separate at as high a speed as you might think.
According to Newtonian physics, your rockets, each moving at around 66% of c should be separating at 132% of c. But Einsteinian physics shows that distances in the direction of travel are shortening and time is slowing down so that the sum of these velocities is actually 92% of c.
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