What causes driver surround damage / distortion?

What causes driver surround damage / distortion?
Can it be fixed?
I'm hoping somebody's going to tell me: hair-dryer or steam or some other crazy solution.

damage.JPG
 
OK. Thanks. I'm not really looking to repair these drivers for use. They were cheap enough to replace. I was hoping to gain some wisdom if I ever have to repair a driver of consequence.
You know, like when people ask how to fix dust caps . . . There are weird, wonderful and very complex recommendations involving: Bluetack, adhesive tape, pins screws, glue . . . I've been pulling them out with a vacuum cleaner for years. I've got an attachment utilisng an old sock and some platic tubing.
 
I would try the following.

Turn the speaker with the cone facing down put it on the table.

Take some small stones or dry sand and put it on the surround and leave it there for some days. Maybe the surround gets its old form back.

If not change it like already proposed.
 
Can it be fixed?

Butyl rubber is typically used to make the surrounds of modern drivers.

The maximum working temperature of butyl rubber is 120 degrees celcius, above which its integrity is compromised.

In the case of the driver in the photograph, the butyl rubber has basically melted and de-formed.

Such de-forming will not be reversible, so there is no fix other than replacement.
 
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