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Do CD players, mp3 players, radios etc. follow some international standard on output voltage level? like 2V rms?
If one such standard exist please lnik to it
Do CD players, mp3 players, radios etc. follow some international standard on output voltage level? like 2V rms?
If one such standard exist please lnik to it
Technically, for an output to be "line level", it should be -10dBV as referenced against a 1 volt RMS sine wave, ie. it should be 0.1V RMS or 0.141V peak.
For professional gear, "line level" is nominally +4dBU as referenced against a 0.775 volt RMS sine wave, or 1.228 V RMS.
In practice, very few items of consumer equipment follow this standard, and it's hardly uncommon for professional gear to to ignore it too.
As a result, it's common practice to design input stages to be able to handle up to 5V RMS, just to be sure.
For professional gear, "line level" is nominally +4dBU as referenced against a 0.775 volt RMS sine wave, or 1.228 V RMS.
In practice, very few items of consumer equipment follow this standard, and it's hardly uncommon for professional gear to to ignore it too.
As a result, it's common practice to design input stages to be able to handle up to 5V RMS, just to be sure.
Well, there is an IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard under "Publication 268-15" which states that the Line output would have a Normal working output voltage of 1.95Vrms (+8 dB ref 0.775Vrms). May be a new revision exists of this Publication.
Philips/Sony Redbook (supposedly?) stipulates a level of 2Vrms for 0dBFS, and this has become the defacto standard for consumer digital electronics (non portable electronics) in most markets.
Some information (not complete) here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Book_(audio_CD_standard)
The output voltage is stipulated somewhere in this document, (IIRC) unfortunately I have not been able to find an excerpt on line that actually shows this.
Some information (not complete) here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Book_(audio_CD_standard)
The output voltage is stipulated somewhere in this document, (IIRC) unfortunately I have not been able to find an excerpt on line that actually shows this.
kevinkr said:
This is how I understand the specification as well.
2Vrms is at absolute clipping. Allowing for 13dB to 15dB headroom, that would put the "normal" output voltage somewhere near .4Vrms.
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