Hello Nelson and all,
I am buying a Twisted Pear Buffalo DAC and need an I/V stage before the 24V Aikido I am building. I will be driving a pair of HD650 cans and in the future, biamped open baffle full range and stereo subs.
The guys a TP have me excited about something other than women again! I need an I/V stage to go with the Buffalo. I know that they have used some of the opamps you designed in their IVY but they are still opamps, right? It outputs +/- 2.112 mA in current mode and I would like to avoid transistor like harmonics, I love clean SE tube sound. I have seen the Lampizator dude's page and I like the concept but don't tubes have a fairly high input impedance in genereral and we are trying for low imp, right? Transformers are an option too. How about amplifying the current from the DAC and then doing the I/V after the signal is amplified?
I am looking for the closest to unrestrained SET sound with 2volts out or there abouts. A circuit that does both SE and balanced is nice, but I can settle for either. I was even thinking Pass F4 as a buffer, unity gain, or something like that. I am thinking DAC(current)->Buffer/current amp(current)->Passive I/V(voltage)->Preamp(voltage)->Active Xover(voltage)->current amp->speakers.
Idea time!
I am buying a Twisted Pear Buffalo DAC and need an I/V stage before the 24V Aikido I am building. I will be driving a pair of HD650 cans and in the future, biamped open baffle full range and stereo subs.
The guys a TP have me excited about something other than women again! I need an I/V stage to go with the Buffalo. I know that they have used some of the opamps you designed in their IVY but they are still opamps, right? It outputs +/- 2.112 mA in current mode and I would like to avoid transistor like harmonics, I love clean SE tube sound. I have seen the Lampizator dude's page and I like the concept but don't tubes have a fairly high input impedance in genereral and we are trying for low imp, right? Transformers are an option too. How about amplifying the current from the DAC and then doing the I/V after the signal is amplified?
I am looking for the closest to unrestrained SET sound with 2volts out or there abouts. A circuit that does both SE and balanced is nice, but I can settle for either. I was even thinking Pass F4 as a buffer, unity gain, or something like that. I am thinking DAC(current)->Buffer/current amp(current)->Passive I/V(voltage)->Preamp(voltage)->Active Xover(voltage)->current amp->speakers.
Idea time!
How is it possible for springtime to arrive in Canada and Thailand
simultaneously?
Oh, wait a minute - you must be in Thailand at the moment...
The I/V from the PL D1 is really pretty ideal. I think there's enough
stuff on this forum, and it's a very simple circuit anyway.
I always smile when I think of the company offered licensing on
that I/V converter. The leading DAC company at the time looked
at it and their technical expert said, "I don't see how that could
work" (He couldn't find the op amp).
simultaneously?
Oh, wait a minute - you must be in Thailand at the moment...
The I/V from the PL D1 is really pretty ideal. I think there's enough
stuff on this forum, and it's a very simple circuit anyway.
I always smile when I think of the company offered licensing on
that I/V converter. The leading DAC company at the time looked
at it and their technical expert said, "I don't see how that could
work" (He couldn't find the op amp).
I am in Canada at the moment, hence the immediate need for fantastic sound to keep me distracted from how much I miss Thailand. Well Thailand and my pseudo wife, who is my other true love.😉
PL D1? I will search, but what is this PL D1 thingy? Hmmm, PL? Oh! Pass Labs D1! Ok then, I had read in a thread somewhere that the IVY from Twisted Pear is based on your D1's I/V stage, am on the right page here? If the D1 has a close to an ideal I/V stage that means the TP IVY is very good and the boys at TP have done well. This will likely be the route I will go. It is just that it has always been easy for me dislike transistors and opamps because of the previous products and designs that hurt my ears at any cost! I love music and when I was introduced to SET amps and tubes I fell in love again.
What first made me look into tubes more closely what a tubed ouput CD player, Jolida JD100, as the source for the speakers I was auditioning. Listened to a tube amp and a very good ss amp with this player and was impressed with both. Listened to the same amps with a Cambridge player and found the expensive SS amp unlistenable and the tube sounded much less involving. While it maintained a similar sound it was lifeless. I found that the old saying about garbage in/garbage out makde a lot of sense. I though this had everything to do with tubes! Later I heard a discrete design with no tubes and I was impressed! It was then that I had to take a more inquisitive look at the product i was buying. So for me, the quest for high end on a low end budget had begun.
So it's requirements for me are that it must be able to make music! Not just sound. I don't need tubey sound, nor do I want it. I like SET magic with tight, full bass and glorious midrange that is not bloated. I liked the discrete mosfet one that I heard. It conveyed the dynamics and close to the soundstage of the better tube ones I have heard, but the highs were harsher and midrange was a little dry. FETs sound better than MOSFETs I have read. I have never listened to a transformer coupled I/V, so I cannot say either way. What I will not have however is the flat, lifeless, harsh, fatiguing sound that almost every opamp CD player is too me!(that I haveheard)
So, if the TP IVY is going to be close to yours Nelson, I will Likley go that route unless you can see improvements on what they have done at little expense... I have to get back to Thailand and the way the airfare is getting hit with fuel surcharges I will have to resort to hooking to buy these toys!
So is my idea about the current amp and then passive I/V idea silly? Nelson, what is your take on transformer output?
PL D1? I will search, but what is this PL D1 thingy? Hmmm, PL? Oh! Pass Labs D1! Ok then, I had read in a thread somewhere that the IVY from Twisted Pear is based on your D1's I/V stage, am on the right page here? If the D1 has a close to an ideal I/V stage that means the TP IVY is very good and the boys at TP have done well. This will likely be the route I will go. It is just that it has always been easy for me dislike transistors and opamps because of the previous products and designs that hurt my ears at any cost! I love music and when I was introduced to SET amps and tubes I fell in love again.
What first made me look into tubes more closely what a tubed ouput CD player, Jolida JD100, as the source for the speakers I was auditioning. Listened to a tube amp and a very good ss amp with this player and was impressed with both. Listened to the same amps with a Cambridge player and found the expensive SS amp unlistenable and the tube sounded much less involving. While it maintained a similar sound it was lifeless. I found that the old saying about garbage in/garbage out makde a lot of sense. I though this had everything to do with tubes! Later I heard a discrete design with no tubes and I was impressed! It was then that I had to take a more inquisitive look at the product i was buying. So for me, the quest for high end on a low end budget had begun.
So it's requirements for me are that it must be able to make music! Not just sound. I don't need tubey sound, nor do I want it. I like SET magic with tight, full bass and glorious midrange that is not bloated. I liked the discrete mosfet one that I heard. It conveyed the dynamics and close to the soundstage of the better tube ones I have heard, but the highs were harsher and midrange was a little dry. FETs sound better than MOSFETs I have read. I have never listened to a transformer coupled I/V, so I cannot say either way. What I will not have however is the flat, lifeless, harsh, fatiguing sound that almost every opamp CD player is too me!(that I haveheard)
So, if the TP IVY is going to be close to yours Nelson, I will Likley go that route unless you can see improvements on what they have done at little expense... I have to get back to Thailand and the way the airfare is getting hit with fuel surcharges I will have to resort to hooking to buy these toys!
So is my idea about the current amp and then passive I/V idea silly? Nelson, what is your take on transformer output?
I have the RAKK-DAC, which seems to have a DC offset at the output ( I was reading http://www.borbelyaudio.com/pics/Web435DAC.pdf )...so I am wondering: How can I apply the D1-output stage to the pcm 1794 ?
Blitz said:
Perhaps this thread could be helpful.http://www.diyaudio.com/forums/showthread.php?threadid=78968
-David
current amp
Nelson and the rest,
I had just thought that using a passive resistor I/V would be the purest way to do it. However, the get enough voltage to drive the preamp or amp with a passive stage the bandwidth and dynamics suffer, don't they? If the current was amped first, the resistor value needed to achieve a certain voltage can be different allowing higher voltage out and wider bandwidth, right? I am only guessing here but it seems logical to me. In the current domain, tubes could be used without having the resistor do the I/V first and then have input impedance problems with the tubes. This impedance problem would affect sound in a negative way. Current amp with tubes is the only way I can see that one could use tubes and still offer a low input impedance for the active I/V.
I have not ruled out transformers like Sowter yet since they will mate well with almost anything.
Nelson and the rest,
I had just thought that using a passive resistor I/V would be the purest way to do it. However, the get enough voltage to drive the preamp or amp with a passive stage the bandwidth and dynamics suffer, don't they? If the current was amped first, the resistor value needed to achieve a certain voltage can be different allowing higher voltage out and wider bandwidth, right? I am only guessing here but it seems logical to me. In the current domain, tubes could be used without having the resistor do the I/V first and then have input impedance problems with the tubes. This impedance problem would affect sound in a negative way. Current amp with tubes is the only way I can see that one could use tubes and still offer a low input impedance for the active I/V.
I have not ruled out transformers like Sowter yet since they will mate well with almost anything.
Re: current amp
Dunno if this is just a poor translation from Thai, but it makes no sense whatsoever.
khundude said:
Dunno if this is just a poor translation from Thai, but it makes no sense whatsoever.
Re: Re: current amp
Actually I am Canadian and was wise enough to leave the west. As for not making sense, what does not make sense? Traditionally, the DAC outputs a small amount of current, yes? That current is converted to a small amount of voltage and amplified. I am saying, amplify the current and then use a resistor. A different value should be able to be used to achieve 2 volts output since more current is available and I can avoid opamps or any solid state device. What does not make sense? If you know then I would suggest actually saying why and not just, "it does not make sense," please and thank you. Even a parrot can say that it won't work! I laugh when I hear "no" all the time. Did you read Nelson's post about the "pro"who told him his I/V shouldn't work? If we said no to everything in the past our ships would have fell of the edge of the flat earth, right? I am sure I will get sound, whether it may be good or not is why I am in the Pass forum because Mr. Pass has a lot of experience with current amps.
analog_sa said:
Actually I am Canadian and was wise enough to leave the west. As for not making sense, what does not make sense? Traditionally, the DAC outputs a small amount of current, yes? That current is converted to a small amount of voltage and amplified. I am saying, amplify the current and then use a resistor. A different value should be able to be used to achieve 2 volts output since more current is available and I can avoid opamps or any solid state device. What does not make sense? If you know then I would suggest actually saying why and not just, "it does not make sense," please and thank you. Even a parrot can say that it won't work! I laugh when I hear "no" all the time. Did you read Nelson's post about the "pro"who told him his I/V shouldn't work? If we said no to everything in the past our ships would have fell of the edge of the flat earth, right? I am sure I will get sound, whether it may be good or not is why I am in the Pass forum because Mr. Pass has a lot of experience with current amps.
Re: Re: Re: current amp
Your case is slightly different 🙂
It is almost impossible to find a device less well suited for this task than tubes. Even in grounded grid connection a tube stage will not have a low enough input impedance.
khundude said:
Your case is slightly different 🙂
It is almost impossible to find a device less well suited for this task than tubes. Even in grounded grid connection a tube stage will not have a low enough input impedance.
khundude said:
Should i read all the advertising materials or do you have a specific one in mind?
A lot more appropriate 🙂
If you would prefer, we can change the topic to using FETs or ANY DAMNED AMP STAGE to amplify the current and then use a resistor for I/V? Will that make your words be less sarcastic and on topc? Can a DAC's current signal be amplified in the current domain, class A, no feedback, and then converted to voltage with a resistor?
I am talking about any of the tubed output stages and you send me a link about Thai protitute/western romances? If you are not going to contribute, don't post. If you are trying to offend me, you have suceeded. You also reminded me why the west is doomed from within, ignorance is bliss I guess but people with malicious intent should not escape accountability just because we communicate through a box. You have a lot of nerve calling my woman a *****! If you have more BS to say about my woman and I, meet me in person! Historically and today, her family is one of the most respected families in Thailand and our business is OUR business, not yours! I will be back in Thailand soon, Canada for now, and planned on stopping in Capetown to visit my friends. Pick one to say it to my face or shut up! Better yet, come and call her a bar girl IN her home country and you will see true grace as she smiles and says, "thank you very much." However, I don't think the locals would let you out of town alive or with your manhood with words like that!
I am talking about any of the tubed output stages and you send me a link about Thai protitute/western romances? If you are not going to contribute, don't post. If you are trying to offend me, you have suceeded. You also reminded me why the west is doomed from within, ignorance is bliss I guess but people with malicious intent should not escape accountability just because we communicate through a box. You have a lot of nerve calling my woman a *****! If you have more BS to say about my woman and I, meet me in person! Historically and today, her family is one of the most respected families in Thailand and our business is OUR business, not yours! I will be back in Thailand soon, Canada for now, and planned on stopping in Capetown to visit my friends. Pick one to say it to my face or shut up! Better yet, come and call her a bar girl IN her home country and you will see true grace as she smiles and says, "thank you very much." However, I don't think the locals would let you out of town alive or with your manhood with words like that!
I am glad I am a better man when I am there with her. I apologize if anyone was offended by my last post but I truly hope it remains with his to demonstrate how moronic a situation can become over a simple question about audio! If anyone has truly travelled to Thailand, especially outside the tourist areas, you would see how absurd and offensive his remarks are to a man who has suffered greatly to prove to her family I AM NOT LIKE THE REST OF THE WEST! This means I had to remember my Grandparents. Respect, honour, integrity, dignity, bravery, tolerance, and so on are not just words they read or hear in songs but ideals they live by.
The bargirl epidemic is like a drug epidemic, as long is there are addicts ther will be dealers. If western men had travelled to SE Asia to see the beauty of the people, their proud history, and the landscape, there would havebe NO ladyboys and NO bargirls. The fact is that the US military BOUGHT an entire beachfront fishing villiage and turned it into a whorehouse during the Vietnam war. This is likely why Thailand escaped the largest bombing campaign in history. More ordinance were dropped on Laos, not the "enemy," than were used in the history of mankind! Coincidently, most of the bargirls come from the province of Isarn which borders Laos.
The little town that was converted to a giant Go-Go bar is called Pattaya and is one of the biggest ***** house towns in the world. It also has an extremely high population of 40-80 year old expat western men to take advatage of the 10-30 year old boys and girls, sometimes even younger. If the western civilians that picked up where the military left off had never come or if they endorsed ANY other industry in Thailand, prostitution would have fizzled to a tiny piece of the economy and thus "ordinary." However, men from the west came and without military police to stop them, tied women to beds for entire days to beat and tortured them as well as had sex with them. Thus the phrase, "as ugly as a Thai *****."
Through government and local intervention it has become civized and somewhat orderly, almost respected. You see, when people came from outside and spent most of their money on ****** and it's supporting industries the local cost of living skyrocketed due to the incresed demand for everyday goods. When the prices went up more families were force to turn their daughters out. It has become a perpetual cycle that can only be broken if the MEN THAT VISIT SE ASIA KEEP IT IN THEIR PANTS OR COME BY IT HONESTLY! I hope that the offender above sees the fault in an ignorant remark and apologizes.
I am here to learn(about HiFi), maybe he can learn some too!
The bargirl epidemic is like a drug epidemic, as long is there are addicts ther will be dealers. If western men had travelled to SE Asia to see the beauty of the people, their proud history, and the landscape, there would havebe NO ladyboys and NO bargirls. The fact is that the US military BOUGHT an entire beachfront fishing villiage and turned it into a whorehouse during the Vietnam war. This is likely why Thailand escaped the largest bombing campaign in history. More ordinance were dropped on Laos, not the "enemy," than were used in the history of mankind! Coincidently, most of the bargirls come from the province of Isarn which borders Laos.
The little town that was converted to a giant Go-Go bar is called Pattaya and is one of the biggest ***** house towns in the world. It also has an extremely high population of 40-80 year old expat western men to take advatage of the 10-30 year old boys and girls, sometimes even younger. If the western civilians that picked up where the military left off had never come or if they endorsed ANY other industry in Thailand, prostitution would have fizzled to a tiny piece of the economy and thus "ordinary." However, men from the west came and without military police to stop them, tied women to beds for entire days to beat and tortured them as well as had sex with them. Thus the phrase, "as ugly as a Thai *****."
Through government and local intervention it has become civized and somewhat orderly, almost respected. You see, when people came from outside and spent most of their money on ****** and it's supporting industries the local cost of living skyrocketed due to the incresed demand for everyday goods. When the prices went up more families were force to turn their daughters out. It has become a perpetual cycle that can only be broken if the MEN THAT VISIT SE ASIA KEEP IT IN THEIR PANTS OR COME BY IT HONESTLY! I hope that the offender above sees the fault in an ignorant remark and apologizes.
I am here to learn(about HiFi), maybe he can learn some too!
Khundude,
Is there a specific reason why you want current gain before the I/V? It is possible (almost everything technically is), but doesn't the the fact that, as far as I know, nobody does it, make you think twice?
Another issue that offers ample scope for confusion is that you apparently maintain that SE tube stuff is clean and transistors have harmonics. Most experienced designers would tell you that good solid state stuff is much more clean and transparent than tubes. Doesn't mean you can't use tubes, but the reason would then be different I think.
Using a tube as a current amplifier as good as good ss stuff would probably require some ss ancillaries in a feedback loop to shore up the tube.
Just trying to find out what it is you actually want.
Jan Didden
Is there a specific reason why you want current gain before the I/V? It is possible (almost everything technically is), but doesn't the the fact that, as far as I know, nobody does it, make you think twice?
Another issue that offers ample scope for confusion is that you apparently maintain that SE tube stuff is clean and transistors have harmonics. Most experienced designers would tell you that good solid state stuff is much more clean and transparent than tubes. Doesn't mean you can't use tubes, but the reason would then be different I think.
Using a tube as a current amplifier as good as good ss stuff would probably require some ss ancillaries in a feedback loop to shore up the tube.
Just trying to find out what it is you actually want.
Jan Didden
khundude said:
The offender appologises for unwittingly touching a raw nerve. I had no idea.
It's just that lampizator.eu has as much to do with tube I/V as Stephen Leather's novel.
Help please Mr. Pass.
Thank you for the apology. I get the ***** wife thing everywhere I go and it really sucks. Warinya is simply the best human being I have had the pleasure of meeting. On a side note, her family accused her of paying me for sex, hehe! She makes ten times as much money as I do!
As fot the tubes, I understand they they have distortion. It is the effortless sound of a SET amp that I like. The best designs I have heard are VERY transparent when compared side by side with a very repected expensive SS amp. The diference to me is in the life of the sound. I have not heard Mr. Pass's designs, but I figured that of all those out there he seems most interested in getting the whole world into Zen music lifestyle again. This, to me, is all the encouragement I need to ask for this sensei's advice. I love tubes because even some of the colourful circuits still sound more "real and alive" than any SS device I have heard. Apparently Mr. Pass's designs pack many of the benefits of tubes without side affects associated with them. The distortion in a tube is handled a lot more graciously than any SS amp I have ever heard. Again, I am here because I think this is where the best of both worlds meet.
Why not use FETs instead? I may very well do just that but I would still be interested in if there are any benefits of current gain and then I/V. The reason I think this would be better is clear in my head and I need someone with know how to tell me not just yeah or no, but why? I am trying to learn! It makes sense to me that a DAC's current output that is very weak will convert passively to a very weak voltage signal that needs near 0 ohm impedance to work best. I understand that it is a balancing act between the amount of voltage vs. roll-off of bandwidth. The lower the voltage, the wider the bandwith, right? Then I understand that to get a near 0 input imp., FETs, OPAMPS, transformers will work and tubes are not that good at this roll. From that understanding I have deduced that if one increases the current between the DAC and the resistor for passive I/V, the inevitable result would be higher voltage output with wide bandwidth similar to doing it the I/V before and with no feeback. My interest is whether or not there would be any benefit of starting with a couple of hundred mA, rather than a couple of mA? Would you use the same resistor values for wide bandwidth if the current swing was a 400mA swing(+/-200mA)?
I am thinking of the way Mr. Pass uses current amps to drive single driver speakers. I am also wondering if there is any way to make a current source sent its current signal from DAC directly to a current amp to the speakers, or in my case, cans. This would allow me to use the internal volume control of the ESS Sabre to control the current output level of the DAC which would then go to a constant current amp to drive a full range speaker or headphones. I have realized that this would be very difficult or even impossible to do, but could it be done and would there be any benefits for single driver speakers/cans? Then later if I want speakers I could have another DAC output with passive I/V conversion of that amplified current signal allowing me to drive an amp or preamp.
If not, I still(in my meager mind) think there might be a benefit to current amp then I/V with no feedback. Remember, this is a dream-a-little idea as I know very little compared to most here. I just think that the benefits realized by using a current for single driver speakers my apply a little here. Especially if one could keep it a current source from DAC to Cans! This would allow such a set-up if it is at all possible. If is is, then I could call on Mr. Pass's expert advice on how to create a balanced active lowpass and passive highpass current crossover to employ a sub to go with the full range. Dreaming, but it makes logical sense to me. How difficult it may be, or if there are any sonic benefits to it is another question?
But for those headphone users out there, especially the HD650, using a current DAC with a quality internal volume control to a current buffer/amp directly to the cans and using the HD650 themselves to to the I/V might be aural heaven! Full range drivers should be similar, but how to place an active xover and a sub in there is another question? Ideas outside the usual box and clarification of there usefulness is what is needed here. Mr. Pass, care to comment on my ultra Zen headamp system idea with possibilities to run a full range driver/sub all in the current domain?
Thank you for the apology. I get the ***** wife thing everywhere I go and it really sucks. Warinya is simply the best human being I have had the pleasure of meeting. On a side note, her family accused her of paying me for sex, hehe! She makes ten times as much money as I do!
As fot the tubes, I understand they they have distortion. It is the effortless sound of a SET amp that I like. The best designs I have heard are VERY transparent when compared side by side with a very repected expensive SS amp. The diference to me is in the life of the sound. I have not heard Mr. Pass's designs, but I figured that of all those out there he seems most interested in getting the whole world into Zen music lifestyle again. This, to me, is all the encouragement I need to ask for this sensei's advice. I love tubes because even some of the colourful circuits still sound more "real and alive" than any SS device I have heard. Apparently Mr. Pass's designs pack many of the benefits of tubes without side affects associated with them. The distortion in a tube is handled a lot more graciously than any SS amp I have ever heard. Again, I am here because I think this is where the best of both worlds meet.
Why not use FETs instead? I may very well do just that but I would still be interested in if there are any benefits of current gain and then I/V. The reason I think this would be better is clear in my head and I need someone with know how to tell me not just yeah or no, but why? I am trying to learn! It makes sense to me that a DAC's current output that is very weak will convert passively to a very weak voltage signal that needs near 0 ohm impedance to work best. I understand that it is a balancing act between the amount of voltage vs. roll-off of bandwidth. The lower the voltage, the wider the bandwith, right? Then I understand that to get a near 0 input imp., FETs, OPAMPS, transformers will work and tubes are not that good at this roll. From that understanding I have deduced that if one increases the current between the DAC and the resistor for passive I/V, the inevitable result would be higher voltage output with wide bandwidth similar to doing it the I/V before and with no feeback. My interest is whether or not there would be any benefit of starting with a couple of hundred mA, rather than a couple of mA? Would you use the same resistor values for wide bandwidth if the current swing was a 400mA swing(+/-200mA)?
I am thinking of the way Mr. Pass uses current amps to drive single driver speakers. I am also wondering if there is any way to make a current source sent its current signal from DAC directly to a current amp to the speakers, or in my case, cans. This would allow me to use the internal volume control of the ESS Sabre to control the current output level of the DAC which would then go to a constant current amp to drive a full range speaker or headphones. I have realized that this would be very difficult or even impossible to do, but could it be done and would there be any benefits for single driver speakers/cans? Then later if I want speakers I could have another DAC output with passive I/V conversion of that amplified current signal allowing me to drive an amp or preamp.
If not, I still(in my meager mind) think there might be a benefit to current amp then I/V with no feedback. Remember, this is a dream-a-little idea as I know very little compared to most here. I just think that the benefits realized by using a current for single driver speakers my apply a little here. Especially if one could keep it a current source from DAC to Cans! This would allow such a set-up if it is at all possible. If is is, then I could call on Mr. Pass's expert advice on how to create a balanced active lowpass and passive highpass current crossover to employ a sub to go with the full range. Dreaming, but it makes logical sense to me. How difficult it may be, or if there are any sonic benefits to it is another question?
But for those headphone users out there, especially the HD650, using a current DAC with a quality internal volume control to a current buffer/amp directly to the cans and using the HD650 themselves to to the I/V might be aural heaven! Full range drivers should be similar, but how to place an active xover and a sub in there is another question? Ideas outside the usual box and clarification of there usefulness is what is needed here. Mr. Pass, care to comment on my ultra Zen headamp system idea with possibilities to run a full range driver/sub all in the current domain?
The present crop of current out delta-sigma DAC's are very good and have TONs of current output. Both the AD1955 and BB1792/4 are excellent.
I/V's also need a good follower/buffer and a filter as part of the design (IMHO). The voltage output can be passively preamped with a good voltage divider circuit.
Consider a good opamp I/V as a starter for learning. This is the path I've taken. Then move to descrete circuitry as skill developes.
Search the Digital forum here for more I/V design ideas.
-David
I/V's also need a good follower/buffer and a filter as part of the design (IMHO). The voltage output can be passively preamped with a good voltage divider circuit.
Consider a good opamp I/V as a starter for learning. This is the path I've taken. Then move to descrete circuitry as skill developes.
Search the Digital forum here for more I/V design ideas.
-David
- Status
- Not open for further replies.