If you don't have a meter, GET ONE. Measure the windings with an ohmmeter. Highest resistance will be highest voltage. Primary is usually in the 10-20 Ohm range, but a large transformer will be less. Once you've identified the primary, connect 120V through a 100 Watt bulb (connect a cord with wire nuts) If the light bulb glows brightly, you have a shorted winding or you guerssed wrong on the primary. CAREFULLY measure secondary voltages - disconnect power, clip your meter on a pair, then plug it in.
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