F5 power amplifier

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Heard on the news tonight, an item I had forgotten about....

The U.S. will cease production of incandescent 40w and 60w lightbulbs, at the end of this year (read, about 10 days to go). Stores will be permitted to sell out their remaining supplies until exhausted. (This ban was already in place on larger-wattage bulbs, if I recall correctly.)

If you are using such bulbs in your tester (or as constant current devices in your amp designs), now is the time to stock up.

(I can see the black-market now...... smuggling light bulbs in, via tunnels under the US-Mexican border....)

Here in Italy incadescent bulbs are out of stock since 2012. Can I use an halogen one?
 
Heard on the news tonight, an item I had forgotten about....

The U.S. will cease production of incandescent 40w and 60w lightbulbs, at the end of this year (read, about 10 days to go). Stores will be permitted to sell out their remaining supplies until exhausted. (This ban was already in place on larger-wattage bulbs, if I recall correctly.)

If you are using such bulbs in your tester (or as constant current devices in your amp designs), now is the time to stock up.

(I can see the black-market now...... smuggling light bulbs in, via tunnels under the US-Mexican border....)

Just take that bulb money and buy a Variac.
If you are in this hobby, probably as good an investment as DMM.
 
I plug my light bulb tester into my variac so you can ease into it slowly........
That defeats the Mains Bulb Tester operation.

The filament is a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) resistor.
It warms up a lot on first start up and relies on near zero continuous current to allow it to cool down and thus let the equipment switch on.

If the equipment wiring is faulty such that excess continuous current would be drawn, then operation is different.
The filament warms up but the continued current draw warms the filament even more. The bulb lights up and absorbs most of the mains supply voltage. Typically a heavy load due to a mis-wire will only see 5% of the mains voltage at the mains transformer.

It is the automatic and very fast transition from warm filament to hot filament and the resulting 5% voltage at the input that prevents damage to faulty equipment.

Using a Variac to slowly get up to that 5% supply voltage will prevent the filament making it to the warm stage. The user has to notice something is wrong at that 5%. Most will not see the signs. The user will continue increasing the Variac on to 10% and to 15% and maybe higher until they hear, or see, the results of overheating. THAT IS TOO LATE. The damage has already started !!!!!!!!!!!
 
Here in Italy incadescent bulbs are out of stock since 2012. Can I use an halogen one?
Yes.
They are still a PTC resistor.
They are still an incandescent bulb.
They are still made of Tungsten.

The slight difference is that the filament runs slightly hotter and thus the ratio of hot:cold resistance is a bit higher.
It is the hotter operation that emits a bit more light. A photoflood does similar, but has a life of just dozens of hours because it does not use the Halogen technology.
 
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