• WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES.
    Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be
    performed by someone who is thoroughly familiar with
    the safety precautions around high voltages.

Bleed down resistor

I use a bleeder resistor (actually a voltage divider) that is permanently part of the circuit. It sets the g1 voltage of the upper tube of a cascode stage, and draws about 1mA. And I trained myself not to touch the internals for about 3 to 4 minutes. Plus I measure the B+ before doing anything on the amplifier. If it falls below 10V then I consider it safe.
Actually I have a separate switch for the heater/negative bias and for the B+. Self-discharge of B+ is much faster if I leave the heater/negative bias on.