Hi,
Oooopsie...That's so wrong I'm even surprised you weren't even eaten alive by the resident cognoscenti here....Shut that page down now, please.
QUOTE]Also, as i don't know much about vacuum tubes, would somebody be able to give me some info about them for my site?[/QUOTE]
How about a peak at John Broskie's site for starters?
http://www.tubecad.com/
It's going to save you alot of time and effort to link to solid references instead of rewriting what's already there...
Just hoping there's no linking to another shakey site that is....
Oh dear, oh dear....
Ciao,😉
Oooopsie...That's so wrong I'm even surprised you weren't even eaten alive by the resident cognoscenti here....Shut that page down now, please.
QUOTE]Also, as i don't know much about vacuum tubes, would somebody be able to give me some info about them for my site?[/QUOTE]
How about a peak at John Broskie's site for starters?
http://www.tubecad.com/
It's going to save you alot of time and effort to link to solid references instead of rewriting what's already there...
Just hoping there's no linking to another shakey site that is....
Oh dear, oh dear....
Ciao,😉
AUDIO CLASSES????????
soundNERD
OH you mean you going to take some audio classes, I get it.
Start with Audio for Dummies.
soundNERD
OH you mean you going to take some audio classes, I get it.
Start with Audio for Dummies.
come on guys. soundnerd may not have gotton the information right but his efforts need to be acknowledged. Why don't we help him out by telling him what's wrong? or where to get such information?
Sloan's book on the construction of high power amps would be helpful.
Sloan's book on the construction of high power amps would be helpful.
thank you milwood,
why do you all have to be idiots? "you mean you need to take some audio classes" "make it an unbookmark page" "shut it down, please"
will any of you just SHUT UP?????
Nowhere on this forum does it say anything about advanced/beginner. I don't need 30 people telling me that the stuff is wrong and insulting me on my efforts, i need 30 people telling me whats wrong and what to fix, so maybe one day it will become the "ultimate audio page"
oh, and i guess i should tell you what i am. today happens to be my birthday. my 14th birthday. and im sure i know a hell of a lot more than any of you did at 14.
why do you all have to be idiots? "you mean you need to take some audio classes" "make it an unbookmark page" "shut it down, please"
will any of you just SHUT UP?????
Nowhere on this forum does it say anything about advanced/beginner. I don't need 30 people telling me that the stuff is wrong and insulting me on my efforts, i need 30 people telling me whats wrong and what to fix, so maybe one day it will become the "ultimate audio page"
oh, and i guess i should tell you what i am. today happens to be my birthday. my 14th birthday. and im sure i know a hell of a lot more than any of you did at 14.
soundNERD said:
HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!
BTW, Don't get mad with those guys, most of them (well, all) are nice and you can learn very good things from them. The opposite is also true. I wish you luck with your site.
Get a book of electronics, it will do no harm.
soundNERD said:
Happy Birthday.
Ah, the confidence of youth! I'll bet most of us grey hairs here have been tinkering with this for a while, and many learned a fair amount at an early age. When I was your age I was an engineer at my high school's radio station, had an FCC class 3 broadcast engineer's license, and was discovering that my homebrew tube amp sounded so much better if I really cranked the bias up. Hmm, is it OK if the plates glow red? 😉
You aren't the first to be bitten with this bug, but I commend your efforts to learn more. We all have thought we understood something only to find out later that we had oversimplified or latched onto something irrelevant as being the discriminator. OK, accept that you made a mistake trusting some sources and go fix your site.
Sorry I misquoted your site as claiming to be the ultimate. I was in a rush but to my ears "the #1 site" and "the ultimate" mean pretty the same thing.
I was not slamming you. Don't ask to be spoon fed. You're already better off than many of your contemporaries, since you are seeking knowledge. You'll learn more if you do the work yourself. Research is the key. You asked for the advice of the sages here without searching for their already published wisdom. There is a lot of good information in this forum. Compare it to what you thought you already knew. Figure out why there are differences, and find other sources to reconcile them. Don't lose your temper when someone points out your errors. Not everyone is going to be nice about it, but you stand a better chance of getting help if you ask humbly and keep an open mind. Most of the posts with a negative tone still offered something positive. Remember that bit about lemons and lemonade?
Webpage
Hello Soundnerd.
Congratulations with your birthday too!
Raka a more ladylike reply I have never seen on this forum.😉
Soundnerd at your age I got interested in electronics as are family had an all tubed receiver salvaged from World War II. The case was gone when hiding it for the German occupation so I could see all the tubes and those intriguing electronic parts. So I asked my father may I have a book for my birthday explaining how this thing works. Then I got the book for my birthday titled "Ask-All" and "Know-All"; two guys playing a question and answering game all the book through. I did not understand an jota from it as difficult concepts were treated like super-heterodyne receiver, oscillators and so on and so on. Way over my head.
So I got a bit bored by this hobby and picked up a chemistry study. Much later I got involved in the repair of consumer electronics and gave courses to the repairpersonal (no, no, no jester courses )
I wanted to know more about it and studied the book by Horowitz and Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press. It is not a cheap book but it has paid back its value many times.
Don't let you scare off. Many forum members like to pose as a "Know-All" but in fact we all know nothing (well almost 😉)[As the waiter said in Faulty Towers, he is from Barcelona you know.]
Also note that despite criticism you have started a discussion about amplifier classes.😉
Raka said:
HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!
BTW, Don't get mad with those guys, most of them (well, all) are nice and you can learn very good things from them. The opposite is also true. I wish you luck with your site.
Get a book of electronics, it will do no harm.
Hello Soundnerd.
Congratulations with your birthday too!
Raka a more ladylike reply I have never seen on this forum.😉
Soundnerd at your age I got interested in electronics as are family had an all tubed receiver salvaged from World War II. The case was gone when hiding it for the German occupation so I could see all the tubes and those intriguing electronic parts. So I asked my father may I have a book for my birthday explaining how this thing works. Then I got the book for my birthday titled "Ask-All" and "Know-All"; two guys playing a question and answering game all the book through. I did not understand an jota from it as difficult concepts were treated like super-heterodyne receiver, oscillators and so on and so on. Way over my head.
So I got a bit bored by this hobby and picked up a chemistry study. Much later I got involved in the repair of consumer electronics and gave courses to the repairpersonal (no, no, no jester courses
)I wanted to know more about it and studied the book by Horowitz and Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press. It is not a cheap book but it has paid back its value many times.
Don't let you scare off. Many forum members like to pose as a "Know-All" but in fact we all know nothing (well almost 😉)[As the waiter said in Faulty Towers, he is from Barcelona you know.]
Also note that despite criticism you have started a discussion about amplifier classes.😉
Happy birthday mate, don't take the responses here too personally - you were after feedback, and it would be more constructive to take the feedback as an indication that there is room for improvement rather than taking it too personally and getting visibly upset. You sure do know a lot more than I did about electronics at your age, and I admire your enthusiasm, but it is important not to let that enthusiasm become arrogance and to know your limits.
That said, you were after some suggestions on what to fix... apart from the class definitions, I would change the formatting slightly to reflect what I was talking about before with the classes/sub-classes. If you do know the difference it was not clear on the site, maybe something like this would be better:
Tube Amps
Solid State Amps
--Chip Amps/Gainclones
--Discrete Amps
----MOSFET Amps
----BJT Amps
Also "They function like a large opened up gainclone chip. " strikes me as a little unusual, and does not explain much, if anything I would say that a gainclone is similar to a conventional amp - just with all the devices integrated into one package. Unless you really want to get involved with solid state physics and how BJT's work, I'd just stick with the class definitions to explain how simple transistor amplifiers work (it should be clear if you explain the classes well enough).
If there is anything more specific you want to know, don't be turned off the large body of information that is the collective knowledge of the forums - even most of those that you felt offended by were just trying to help.
That said, you were after some suggestions on what to fix... apart from the class definitions, I would change the formatting slightly to reflect what I was talking about before with the classes/sub-classes. If you do know the difference it was not clear on the site, maybe something like this would be better:
Tube Amps
Solid State Amps
--Chip Amps/Gainclones
--Discrete Amps
----MOSFET Amps
----BJT Amps
Also "They function like a large opened up gainclone chip. " strikes me as a little unusual, and does not explain much, if anything I would say that a gainclone is similar to a conventional amp - just with all the devices integrated into one package. Unless you really want to get involved with solid state physics and how BJT's work, I'd just stick with the class definitions to explain how simple transistor amplifiers work (it should be clear if you explain the classes well enough).
If there is anything more specific you want to know, don't be turned off the large body of information that is the collective knowledge of the forums - even most of those that you felt offended by were just trying to help.
Happy Birthday , soundNERD !
And as a small birthday present I thought may be a simple explanation of classes etc. will be useful 🙂
First I need to say that quite apart from the classes, electronic amplifiers could be classified by types: single-ended (or SE) and push-pull (or PP), by topologies and sub-topologies, by implementation (discrete vs. IC), by presence and abcence of a transformer on the output and so on. And many different combination of these do exist (thought there are some combinations which do not exist - like "class B SE amplifier")
Now about classes:
All amplification classes are applicable to any amplifying device - bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors (i.e. JFET's and MOSFET's) and electronic valves. Classes essentially defined by the time a device (transistor, valve, FET) spends actually amplifying compared to the period of an amplified sinewave signal.
Class A - if the device is actively amplifying the signal all the time.
Class B - (in audio only applicable to push-pull circuits) if one device ("pushing") amplifies the signal approximately one HALF of a period, and another ("pulling") - another half of a period.
Class AB - is a "cross" between A and B, so for small signals both devices in a push-pull circuit work in class A and for larger signals in class B
Class C - if the device amplifies the signal less than half of a period, inevitably leading to very high distortions, and it is true that this class never used in audio amplification (at least not deliberately 🙂 - it is DIY forum after all).
Class D - not quite "digital" but an amplifier in which the devices are operating as switches, switching the power to the load at a very high frequency using PWM (pulse-width modulation) , so each device either completely "open" or completely "closed" and dissipates very little power.
There you have 4 "traditional" classes of amplification. On top of these some more were added - "Super A", "AA" G, H, T etc. These are usually not classes as such but somewhat misleading designators for a particular topology - I won't go into further details here.
I hope it is reasonably clear and not too boring 🙂
Cheers
x-pro
And as a small birthday present I thought may be a simple explanation of classes etc. will be useful 🙂
First I need to say that quite apart from the classes, electronic amplifiers could be classified by types: single-ended (or SE) and push-pull (or PP), by topologies and sub-topologies, by implementation (discrete vs. IC), by presence and abcence of a transformer on the output and so on. And many different combination of these do exist (thought there are some combinations which do not exist - like "class B SE amplifier")
Now about classes:
All amplification classes are applicable to any amplifying device - bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors (i.e. JFET's and MOSFET's) and electronic valves. Classes essentially defined by the time a device (transistor, valve, FET) spends actually amplifying compared to the period of an amplified sinewave signal.
Class A - if the device is actively amplifying the signal all the time.
Class B - (in audio only applicable to push-pull circuits) if one device ("pushing") amplifies the signal approximately one HALF of a period, and another ("pulling") - another half of a period.
Class AB - is a "cross" between A and B, so for small signals both devices in a push-pull circuit work in class A and for larger signals in class B
Class C - if the device amplifies the signal less than half of a period, inevitably leading to very high distortions, and it is true that this class never used in audio amplification (at least not deliberately 🙂 - it is DIY forum after all).
Class D - not quite "digital" but an amplifier in which the devices are operating as switches, switching the power to the load at a very high frequency using PWM (pulse-width modulation) , so each device either completely "open" or completely "closed" and dissipates very little power.
There you have 4 "traditional" classes of amplification. On top of these some more were added - "Super A", "AA" G, H, T etc. These are usually not classes as such but somewhat misleading designators for a particular topology - I won't go into further details here.
I hope it is reasonably clear and not too boring 🙂
Cheers
x-pro
If you really are 14.......
Did you honestly expect a bunch of cranky old farts to hold your hand and pat you on the back??
Seriously.....again.......
Try this approach next time:
"Hey guys, I want to put some info up on my website, explaining the different classes of amplifiers. Can any of you guys help me out on finding this out? I don't want to waste bandwidth with false info."
Ignoring the predictable response from El Phred-o.......Search engine........you would probably find more guys than you need throwing tons of info your way.
But if you come off as a brash, smarmy college sophomore, then you are going to be treated as a brash, smarmy college sophomore.
Hey.....when we did it, we all were.............
Jocko
Did you honestly expect a bunch of cranky old farts to hold your hand and pat you on the back??
Seriously.....again.......
Try this approach next time:
"Hey guys, I want to put some info up on my website, explaining the different classes of amplifiers. Can any of you guys help me out on finding this out? I don't want to waste bandwidth with false info."
Ignoring the predictable response from El Phred-o.......Search engine........you would probably find more guys than you need throwing tons of info your way.
But if you come off as a brash, smarmy college sophomore, then you are going to be treated as a brash, smarmy college sophomore.
Hey.....when we did it, we all were.............
Jocko
First, thank you for the happy birthdays.
second, sorry for losing it which i seem to have. i got a bit (or i should say alot) mad at all the comments. Sorry again.
third, thanks for the correct definitions on the classes and how to reorganize the data. i will look up more information and redo the page.
would anybody be able to suggest some good books on where to start learning more about amps? i know i can look on the internet, but would also like a book i can pick up anytime.
and i knew somebody was going to comment on my description of the transistor amp 😀 😀
thanks again for the help, and i will post again when the site is revised.
but as far as the site goes, is the layout and the content of the schematic pages good? All of the projects (except for the ones coming soon) i have built. coming soon ones are in progress (but i guess have been for a few months now...). now that it is winter break, and i am hoping i get a laser printer for christmas to make the pcbs, i will have some time to work on my projects. my goal is to make a better sounding amplifier using bridged lm3886s than my 100Wx2 kenwood amp. (but i for some reason dobut that...)
thanks though and sorry once again, Mike
second, sorry for losing it which i seem to have. i got a bit (or i should say alot) mad at all the comments. Sorry again.
third, thanks for the correct definitions on the classes and how to reorganize the data. i will look up more information and redo the page.
would anybody be able to suggest some good books on where to start learning more about amps? i know i can look on the internet, but would also like a book i can pick up anytime.
and i knew somebody was going to comment on my description of the transistor amp 😀 😀
thanks again for the help, and i will post again when the site is revised.
but as far as the site goes, is the layout and the content of the schematic pages good? All of the projects (except for the ones coming soon) i have built. coming soon ones are in progress (but i guess have been for a few months now...). now that it is winter break, and i am hoping i get a laser printer for christmas to make the pcbs, i will have some time to work on my projects. my goal is to make a better sounding amplifier using bridged lm3886s than my 100Wx2 kenwood amp. (but i for some reason dobut that...)
thanks though and sorry once again, Mike
Hi Mike,
I hope you'll humor me while I give you one of those "when I was your age" speeches that old people seem to always do 🙂. Seriously, when I was 14 or thereabouts, I built a Heathkit AA-15 50 Watt/ch amplifier. The boards were not pre-stuffed, so I had to solder all the parts in, in addition to wiring everything up. When I first powered it up, it didn't work at all. I took it into the Heathkit store, and the guy told me that every solder joint in the amplifier was cold, and that I had to take it apart and resolder every single solder joint! I did that, and it worked. I was always curious about stereos and electronics, probably because my dad was a hi-fi buff.
I hope your experiences here won't dampen your enthusiasm for the subject. Those interests can take you a long way. At the age of twenty, I had dropped out of my first year of college and was going nowhere working a minimum wage job. But I liked to go to the public library and read a magazine called "Audio" (which no longer exists, this was around 1975 I think). I remember reading some reviews of some high end equipment made by the Mark Levinson company, designed by a fellow named "John Curl" who you may recognize from your reading here. I also read an article by a guy named Marshall Leach, who designed an amplifier that many of the people here have built. His web site is very good, and is located here http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~mleach/. He's a professor at Georgia Tech. I wrote him a letter, asking him about education in audio engineering, and he sent me back a ton of information. Not just the university course catalog, but the course descriptions from the department of electrical engineering that went into a lot of detail about the courses in the department. I ended up getting my degree there, and my success was due in no small part to Dr. Leach's kindness in taking the time to help me. If you ever consider a career in electrical engineering, you might want to send him some correspondence. It appears his email box is often overwhelmed, and he's also swamped with requests for letters of recommendation as well, so patience will be required.
In taking on the task of describing amplifier designs on a web site as Dr. Leach does, it turns out that you need either a degree of some kind (such as electrical engineering or electrical engineering technology) or the equivalent in practical laboratory experience in order to do justice to the subject. If you're interested in pursuing technical subjects as a career, I'd recommend the engineering route. Be sure to not let your studies slip. For electrical engineering, math skills are important. I found high school math to be boring and mechanical. Then when I took calculus, total confusion set in. It wasn't until I was able to make the practical connection between the abstract stuff I studied in calculus with real-world experience that the fog started to lift. I found mathematics to not even be interesting until around the second year of college calculus. Then many disconnected concepts I had previously only partially understood suddenly became clear. After this experience, mathematics took on a new light, as a kind of bridge between abstract thought and real-world experience.
Anyway, I'm babbling on here. Two books on amplifier design that you should definitely check out are here:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/t...f=sr_1_2/002-3336070-9338417?v=glance&s=books
and here: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/t...f=sr_1_1/002-3336070-9338417?v=glance&s=books
Good luck in your endeavors. And happy birthday!
I hope you'll humor me while I give you one of those "when I was your age" speeches that old people seem to always do 🙂. Seriously, when I was 14 or thereabouts, I built a Heathkit AA-15 50 Watt/ch amplifier. The boards were not pre-stuffed, so I had to solder all the parts in, in addition to wiring everything up. When I first powered it up, it didn't work at all. I took it into the Heathkit store, and the guy told me that every solder joint in the amplifier was cold, and that I had to take it apart and resolder every single solder joint! I did that, and it worked. I was always curious about stereos and electronics, probably because my dad was a hi-fi buff.
I hope your experiences here won't dampen your enthusiasm for the subject. Those interests can take you a long way. At the age of twenty, I had dropped out of my first year of college and was going nowhere working a minimum wage job. But I liked to go to the public library and read a magazine called "Audio" (which no longer exists, this was around 1975 I think). I remember reading some reviews of some high end equipment made by the Mark Levinson company, designed by a fellow named "John Curl" who you may recognize from your reading here. I also read an article by a guy named Marshall Leach, who designed an amplifier that many of the people here have built. His web site is very good, and is located here http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~mleach/. He's a professor at Georgia Tech. I wrote him a letter, asking him about education in audio engineering, and he sent me back a ton of information. Not just the university course catalog, but the course descriptions from the department of electrical engineering that went into a lot of detail about the courses in the department. I ended up getting my degree there, and my success was due in no small part to Dr. Leach's kindness in taking the time to help me. If you ever consider a career in electrical engineering, you might want to send him some correspondence. It appears his email box is often overwhelmed, and he's also swamped with requests for letters of recommendation as well, so patience will be required.
In taking on the task of describing amplifier designs on a web site as Dr. Leach does, it turns out that you need either a degree of some kind (such as electrical engineering or electrical engineering technology) or the equivalent in practical laboratory experience in order to do justice to the subject. If you're interested in pursuing technical subjects as a career, I'd recommend the engineering route. Be sure to not let your studies slip. For electrical engineering, math skills are important. I found high school math to be boring and mechanical. Then when I took calculus, total confusion set in. It wasn't until I was able to make the practical connection between the abstract stuff I studied in calculus with real-world experience that the fog started to lift. I found mathematics to not even be interesting until around the second year of college calculus. Then many disconnected concepts I had previously only partially understood suddenly became clear. After this experience, mathematics took on a new light, as a kind of bridge between abstract thought and real-world experience.
Anyway, I'm babbling on here. Two books on amplifier design that you should definitely check out are here:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/t...f=sr_1_2/002-3336070-9338417?v=glance&s=books
and here: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/t...f=sr_1_1/002-3336070-9338417?v=glance&s=books
Good luck in your endeavors. And happy birthday!
happy birthday, soundNerd, i was your age too when i started in electronics, i remember my literature teacher always scolded me for not attending to home reading assignements and instead reading electronics books....hold on to your dreams!!!..they are but a few steps away....
Book
Hello Mike,
Now I am very disappointed...
Didn't I make myself very clear?
There is only one book I recommend:
Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press.
(no more handholding or paternally speeches)
soundNERD said:
Hello Mike,
Now I am very disappointed...
Didn't I make myself very clear?
There is only one book I recommend:
Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press.
(no more handholding or paternally speeches)
Decemeber 22nd is my birthday, I turned an unspectacular 27. I do recall life at 14 well, and I think it's great that you have an interest in the inner workings of audio electronics.
Yes, your descriptions are off, and that's already been discussed and re-discussed. I think your site's presentation is fine--easy to read, organized, etc. Even the color scheme is fairly easy on the eyes.
Everyone's definition of the "classes" seems to differ, so I figured I'd throw mine in there too:
Class A: Can be Push-Pull or Single-Ended. Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Device(s) biased enough to swing the full 360 degrees of the input signal up to or sometimes beyond the amplifier's maximum output (point of clipping). Generally not very efficient because the output stage is always consuming more current than is necessary except when driven to full power.
Class AB: Push-Pull... Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Devices biased enough to stay turned on for more than 180 degrees of the input signal. Greatly reduces power dissipation at low levels and idle. Also reduces distortion and the zero-crossing "notch" that occurs in Class-B (see below).
Class B: Push-Pull... Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Devices idle in "cut-off" and conduct only for 180 degrees of the input signal. Since transistors need a certain amount of current to actually switch on, a pronounced "notch" at zero crossing will occur unless a lot of feedback is used to correct the error. Consumes almost no energy whilst idling. Class B circuits are easy to build and heat sink for mass production though.
Class C: Output stage conducts only 180 degrees of the input signal (does not cross zero). Used with tuned (resonant) circuits in broadcast to efficiently generate a carrier. Not really applicable for audio.
Class D: Also called a "switching amplifier". Not exactly digital. In simple terms, the input signal is chopped up into little pieces at a set frequency (usually quite high). Output devices are rapidly switched using the "sampled" data and thus reassemble the input signal, only at a much higher level (amplified). Output filters are used to filter out the high frequency garbage.
The light bulb/dissipation analogy was also off, but that has also already been covered.
Anyway, if you hang around this bunch long enough, you'll likely learn all you need to. Good luck, and don't ever hesitate to ask about anything you're unsure of.
Yes, your descriptions are off, and that's already been discussed and re-discussed. I think your site's presentation is fine--easy to read, organized, etc. Even the color scheme is fairly easy on the eyes.
Everyone's definition of the "classes" seems to differ, so I figured I'd throw mine in there too:
Class A: Can be Push-Pull or Single-Ended. Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Device(s) biased enough to swing the full 360 degrees of the input signal up to or sometimes beyond the amplifier's maximum output (point of clipping). Generally not very efficient because the output stage is always consuming more current than is necessary except when driven to full power.
Class AB: Push-Pull... Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Devices biased enough to stay turned on for more than 180 degrees of the input signal. Greatly reduces power dissipation at low levels and idle. Also reduces distortion and the zero-crossing "notch" that occurs in Class-B (see below).
Class B: Push-Pull... Output stage swings the full 360 degrees of the input signal. Devices idle in "cut-off" and conduct only for 180 degrees of the input signal. Since transistors need a certain amount of current to actually switch on, a pronounced "notch" at zero crossing will occur unless a lot of feedback is used to correct the error. Consumes almost no energy whilst idling. Class B circuits are easy to build and heat sink for mass production though.
Class C: Output stage conducts only 180 degrees of the input signal (does not cross zero). Used with tuned (resonant) circuits in broadcast to efficiently generate a carrier. Not really applicable for audio.
Class D: Also called a "switching amplifier". Not exactly digital. In simple terms, the input signal is chopped up into little pieces at a set frequency (usually quite high). Output devices are rapidly switched using the "sampled" data and thus reassemble the input signal, only at a much higher level (amplified). Output filters are used to filter out the high frequency garbage.
The light bulb/dissipation analogy was also off, but that has also already been covered.
Anyway, if you hang around this bunch long enough, you'll likely learn all you need to. Good luck, and don't ever hesitate to ask about anything you're unsure of.
Nearly...
In engineering it is always a struggle to define things succinctly and precisely.
When you talk about "Output stage swings the full 360 degrees..." this is a somwhat ambiguous description. What is being swung exactly?
Classes were originally related to current flow and also applied to individual devices. You can have compound amplifiers with devices operated in different classes within a circuit for example or within an "output stage".
I suppose it is now usual to define the class of an amp by the operating class of the devices that are closest to the output. In which case class A means all those output device(s) continue to conduct current throughout the specified output conditions. Class B means that one (or more) devices conducts during one current phase whilst the other device(s) do not. Class AB is a bit of an audio bastardisation. It's class A during some of the output spec and class B otherwise.
It is critical to remember that the class concerns current flow, not voltage swings. You must define the output spec. You can only really say a particular amp will operate in class A if you also specify the appropriate output load and output signal conditions.
For example an amp that operates in class A at 1kHz may well be operating in class AB at 100kHz if it is driving a capacitive load.
In engineering it is always a struggle to define things succinctly and precisely.
When you talk about "Output stage swings the full 360 degrees..." this is a somwhat ambiguous description. What is being swung exactly?
Classes were originally related to current flow and also applied to individual devices. You can have compound amplifiers with devices operated in different classes within a circuit for example or within an "output stage".
I suppose it is now usual to define the class of an amp by the operating class of the devices that are closest to the output. In which case class A means all those output device(s) continue to conduct current throughout the specified output conditions. Class B means that one (or more) devices conducts during one current phase whilst the other device(s) do not. Class AB is a bit of an audio bastardisation. It's class A during some of the output spec and class B otherwise.
It is critical to remember that the class concerns current flow, not voltage swings. You must define the output spec. You can only really say a particular amp will operate in class A if you also specify the appropriate output load and output signal conditions.
For example an amp that operates in class A at 1kHz may well be operating in class AB at 100kHz if it is driving a capacitive load.
Thanks for the support, and happy birthday to you too. I am starting to fix up the page now, and i will post it within a couple of days.
Another 3 ideas for the site,
1. in the "Welcome to electronics" section, I will add info about components such as transformers, caps, resistors, potentiometers, etc. i know a lot about that stuff, so i shouldn't have any problems with incorrect info there.
2. I have already started working on this, but wanted to say about it here. A computers electronet page, at computers.electronet.5u.com. it will have info about computers, steps to build a custom computer (such as the one i am typing this on right now that i built), with the technical terms as links to a new window with the definition. There will be info on installing operating systems also, and some more stuff. I know a lot more about computers so this section should be easy to do. I remember in second grade, on my windows 3.11 computer, when i wrote my own program in QBasic.
3. I am writing a software suite, for making crossovers, choosing power supply voltages and mute resistor voltages for gainclones, resistors, capacitors, etc. It is going to be for sale on my site when it is done. I am writing it in VB5 Pro.
what does everybody think of those ideas?
thanks, Mike
Another 3 ideas for the site,
1. in the "Welcome to electronics" section, I will add info about components such as transformers, caps, resistors, potentiometers, etc. i know a lot about that stuff, so i shouldn't have any problems with incorrect info there.
2. I have already started working on this, but wanted to say about it here. A computers electronet page, at computers.electronet.5u.com. it will have info about computers, steps to build a custom computer (such as the one i am typing this on right now that i built), with the technical terms as links to a new window with the definition. There will be info on installing operating systems also, and some more stuff. I know a lot more about computers so this section should be easy to do. I remember in second grade, on my windows 3.11 computer, when i wrote my own program in QBasic.
3. I am writing a software suite, for making crossovers, choosing power supply voltages and mute resistor voltages for gainclones, resistors, capacitors, etc. It is going to be for sale on my site when it is done. I am writing it in VB5 Pro.
what does everybody think of those ideas?
thanks, Mike
First, why not?
second, that isn't all it is going to have, there will be more stuff. I am also trying to add a schematic designer, but I just have to figure out how to let the user draw lines on the form without the OLE MSPaint tool.
I also have a lot of electronics parts lying around, such as a bag full of LM324s (at least 800 of them), transistors, resistors, etc. I was almost thinking of opening a store. I got all of the stuff from a man who used to work for motorola and helped design the first cell phone. He had a garage sale one day selling all of his stuff. I got a scope, a power supply, two of those containers with the pull out drawers, one full of resistors, the other of chips, diodes, dip switches, etc. and I have so much stuff i am thinking of selling some of it
-Mike
second, that isn't all it is going to have, there will be more stuff. I am also trying to add a schematic designer, but I just have to figure out how to let the user draw lines on the form without the OLE MSPaint tool.
I also have a lot of electronics parts lying around, such as a bag full of LM324s (at least 800 of them), transistors, resistors, etc. I was almost thinking of opening a store. I got all of the stuff from a man who used to work for motorola and helped design the first cell phone. He had a garage sale one day selling all of his stuff. I got a scope, a power supply, two of those containers with the pull out drawers, one full of resistors, the other of chips, diodes, dip switches, etc. and I have so much stuff i am thinking of selling some of it
-Mike
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