• WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES.
    Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be
    performed by someone who is thoroughly familiar with
    the safety precautions around high voltages.

AC-balancing a differential amplifier using dual trace oscilloscope (no differential probe)

Your TEK 310A is a very nice scope. I'm sure any of us would like to be the proud owner!
There was a slightly later TEK 310D in the lab that I used occasionally. the 'D' means it had a delay
line in the vertical channel so that the front edge of step function could be studied.

Which of the several vertical plugins are you using in your 5 inch CRT scopes are you using?
My recollection, the 'D' is the Differential version. When I escaped the research lab to join
HP in 1965 I never used any of those scopes again.

My answer is a diversion. Instead I will show why getting perfect balance is a waste of time.
Here are two simulations of the ordinary Mullard circuit, one the normal & another with a longer tail.
The longer tail makes an improvement that may be worth doing. It uses a negative power
supply, something I've done on all my PP builds for the last 30 yrs. Negative PS is very easy to do,
I'm surprised more people don't try it.

The usual fixes are a current mirror or an MJE340 transistor for the tail. So balance is very good.
But then we find the tubes in the power stage are often not matched well.
So back to driving the output stage with unequal drive, And a circuit to do that.
 

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  • Mullard Long Tailed Phase Invertor w 82K Tail.jpg
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