02 Avalon OEM JBL + Amp 7 spkr - Any idea what caused this damage to HU?

Having 12V on the input pins doesn't mean you have the correct voltages on the board(s)..
Had a look and like you didn't found any datasheets for the mcu most likely because the P/N is an "In house" one so only Delphi can supply it.
The 24C04 EEprom needs a 3 to 5V supply on pin 8.
For last since this is an old cassete deck you can use the opportunity to upgrade to CD or Android unit.
Best of luck
 
Having 12V on the input pins doesn't mean you have the correct voltages on the board(s)..
Had a look and like you didn't found any datasheets for the mcu most likely because the P/N is an "In house" one so only Delphi can supply it.
The 24C04 EEprom needs a 3 to 5V supply on pin 8.
For last since this is an old cassete deck you can use the opportunity to upgrade to CD or Android unit.
Best of luck
Thanks for the insight, aye it looks like I may be better off upgrading when taking into account the amount of time this project would potentially take for me
 
Not that I recall. The system has also never been played at very high volume or extreme settings (I believe the separate OEM Amp handles most of that work though).
Since the HU operated fine until charging the battery, I wonder if the schumacher sc1281 potentially damaged the unit when I tried to use it's 100A jump start feature while the battery was dead. I'm not sure if the radio was toggled to on/off when attempting to start it. I did connect and disconnect the sc1281 properly. Nothing else was damaged in the vehicle.
Maybe just coincidence.
 
The jumpstart feature can create some high voltage and an intermittent connection can cause some spikes. Those can be damaging.

Do you see any SMD components in the head unit that are marked in amps (may be marked 3A) or just with letters?

Some head units will not work if all of the cables are not connected. Can you plug in all of the components and go back through the things you've checked to see if it makes a difference?
 
Apologies for the delay.
After reading a part of the Avalon's service manual I decided to try re-assembling the unit to see if the unit wasn't powering on due to not being connected to the car's 'AVC-LAN' (attached).
No luck, I believe I may have misinterpreted the manual because I now recall reading on toyota forums that owners experienced problems with the factory amplifier being 'blown' but the HU would still power on.
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By SMD with amps marked I assume you're suggesting an SMD fuse? I did find what I believe was a fuse, an SMD labeled "FP"
Researching it returned results that it is a 'Littelfuse' branded component. I measured continuity across it, it had continuity.
I also checked voltage across it when it was powered: 12V on both sides.
I seen no other similar fuses nor any with amps marked on them, will give it another look.
Attached pic of the fuse and it's location -- not a very good picture just clear enough to show the location of the component.
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I haven't scoped the unit while the CD player/changer and tape deck were connected.
A few days ago I did try measuring voltage while it was powered on with CD/tape connected, none of the face pins had any difference in voltages.
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I believe I may have gotten lucky and found someone selling the same unit at a very low price. Planning on opening it up and probing inside to see how things compare to mine in regards to scope and voltages.
 

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The scope will generally load the crystal for a microcontroller too much to see it oscillate but it will sometimes work if you set the probe to 10x. Do you see any oscillation on any of the crystal oscillators highlighted on the attached image?
 

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