just for a laugh!

Restoring a rather tortured but alive Sony TA-5650 v-fet amp, I found these. First I thought... well well.. quality parts....
 

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Last time I ordered at a distributor I got not very recent (2016) electrolytic capacitors. When I complained I was told to mention I want fresh ones next order 🙂 I don't think we can trust any source blindly and have to check what we buy.
 
Here some values of Keltron which are not regularly produced get made this way....the capacitors are really cheap fake stuff, Keltron commands a good price.
Same for Japanese I suppose.

It is simply a printed heat shrink sleeve, the kind you see on so many packages these days.
Think food packaging, pens even.
Quite easy to make these days, a fairly low resolution rotogravure printing job.

At least this was easy to see.
What would happen if a good looking capacitor was installed and failed, taking with it other parts as well, is best left to the imagination.
 
I shudder thinking making fake sleeves is cheap and easy as Naresh says.
I mean with "proper" brand, logo, code numbers, date, batch, etc., and then some "entrepreneur" can replace cheesy junk cap ones working on a kitchen table, ZERO technology needed, just a hobby knife to slit originals away and a heat gun to apply new ones.

Oh well.

As of "near" Brands, I have seen SQNY, Panashiba, Nikom, Pionner, Cannon (for cameras), and 1000 more.
Oh well.
 
Actually, a relative makes sleeves for consumer goods, he has a 9 color and another 11 color machine, and his output is in low millions per day.
He makes them for things like talcum powder, baby food, spices, health supplements and so on.

Once a client had asked for a quote, and while the investment was high (he does photo quality high res work), the per piece cost was about 3 cents for a 50 dia x 63 high jar, and minimum quantity 300k, about a shift's work for him.
They are supplied as rolls or cut (extra charge), and after putting them on, the container goes through a heated tunnel, where hot air shrinks it into place.

If you look at capacitor sleeves, they are a low dpi 1 or 2 color job on a small machine.
10,000 per hour or so is typical.
So not at all difficult to make.
As for space, about 50 square feet, 2kW power.
 
If you have seen printing progress to direct plates from lead type, and also screen making has advanced so much...not at all novel.

This is simply gravure (or even fine flex) printing on colored PVC heat shrink sleeve, and the sleeve cost is the major part, printing cost is negligible.
Think how much cheap cable sleeve costs...the low cost non black heat shrink variety.
Add about 20% to get an idea of the cost.
 
I shudder thinking making fake sleeves is cheap and easy
Gamma Electronics

Gamma Bolt -- $2,300
Low to Medium Quantity Heat Shrink Tubing Printer
The Gamma Bolt is a Thermal Transfer Printer that prints on and cuts heat shrink tubing, easily producing prints ranging from a few prints to a few thousand prints per day.
https://www.gammaelectronics.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Gamma-Bolt-v1.3-1.6.22-.pdf

Gamma Mark III Plus ---- $3,731.58 with Rotary Cutter
Medium to High Quantity Heat Shrink Tubing Printer
The Gamma Mark III Plus is a workhorse of a thermal transfer printer, capable of creating high quality heat shrink prints ranging in quantities from the low thousands up to around 10,000 prints per day. You can purchase the Mark III Plus with either the standard rotary cutter, or a perforated cutter that creates east to pull apart heat shrink tubing pieces as needed.

These are printers (like a PC). Prices can be lower when the run justifies a printing plate on a dumb machine.

These are USA-grade printers. Prices will be lower in less-stale economies. Cost is even lower if you get a job feeding the printer and work your own products when the boss is out. Chip-markers, same thing-- use the company machine.
 
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