Space shuttle technology was stone knives and bear skins by the time they were decommissioned. They were used way past their sell by date.
It depends.
If you heat gas up using an external source, heating will both increase volume and temperature, without one of these parameters causing the other to change. What you said.
Now if you have that gas inside , say, a cylinder with a piston at one end, and compress or expand it, without applying or removing any heat, they WILL influence each other.
To boot, in an inverse/reverse way.
- Compressing will lower volume and increase temperature;
- expanding will do the exact opposite.
Also a "mixed" situation is possible:
* If you heat up a certain mass of gas inside a cylinder (shape is irrelevant, I just mention an everyday object where it happens all the time) and do NOT allow he piston to move, volume will be fixed (by definition) and temperature will rise by "X" degrees.
*now if you let piston move, volume will rise, temperature will also rise (which is necessary or volume would not change), but less than before, since part of that added energy was used to move the piston.
In a nutshell, Tons of facts and parameters are inter-related, by the way in a predictable way, which can be calculated with precision (or Engineering would be impossible), we just need to have all possible variables and conditions clearly defined.
That´s one reason why I hate blanket statements often posted here and in other Forums, lack of accounting for all relevant facts makes them useless or meaningless.
There's that thing in physics/maths where stuff gets approximated. To make life bearable 🙂 so I think little can be stated precisely, but often less than precise can be good enough.
All blanket statements are wrong. Including this one.
Yes, you're right and I know what you mean, but I imagined it anyway. 🙂
You made me also remember that at the time very few cans (mostly corned beef, I do not know why though) had a key and a tab that you had to roll up, but the vast majority of cans required a can opener: something that I found extremely limiting for its use because taking it back and keeping two things together instead of one makes a really big difference. IMHO
Yes and no.
I believe what you are talking about pertains always and in any case to a limit of approximation.
How acceptable that limit is, it's not a scientific question, but a personal preference.
How personal that preference is, it's depends on the context in which it is spoken.
And from one's ego inserted into that context, with other egos all around.
I believe that any human activity is very far from the concept of the absolute which is not scientific, but philosophical or religious.
Just sayin'...
Does a higher IQ make you deaf in some way? Is there a correlation between the two? More scientific testing seems to be needed 🙂
That was because Harrison Ford had a bad dose of the trots. The scene was apparently going to be an extended whip vs scimitar fight, but Ford thought he could not last more than a few minutes before heading for the toilet again. Hence the revolver.
Current generation space vehicles are still surprisingly up to date. I was Project Manager for an instrument on board this https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/BepiColombo
In this particular instrument (the Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer) the front end electronics has 512 pin FPGA's, and the data processing unit has a bump mounted processor and memory. All maximum radiation hard and cost more than you might imagine (the FPGA's were Eur80k each).
In a sense though the electronics is still out of date - since the vehicle takes 7 years to get to Mercury (it was launched in October 2018 - so it is still on its way), the electronics by definition will be 7 years out of date on arrival, and the electronics design was carried out five years before launch. And the mission profile is for 2 years in orbit. By EOL the electronics will therefore be 12 years out of date.
But yes - reliability is all. Unlike Hubble, you cannot do a service visit on a planetary probe, or Webb. If something stops working, you are royally stuffed.
The whole suite of 11 instruments are so sensitive that the data will be used to check Einstein's General Theory by having a probe in a very different gravity environment (3 times closer to the sun than the earth), and looking at time dilation. And of the miles of cabling, there is not a single inch of audiophile cable 🚀
A test that everyone can do: turn the power plug 180 degrees and listen if the polarity has an influence on the sound;-)
It depends on the use to which it's being put rather than preference IMO. Newtonian mechanics works for most of us most of the time, it's an approximation that's good enuff for a gravity well. Less so in the wider universe or at the sub-atomic (where the magic happens).
When I see a graph I always develop a slight twitch if it's not got error bars on it. Received wisdom is that 'the public' can't/won't/don't handle uncertainty well and particularly have problems when it comes to perceived as opposed to actual risk. My view is that this is a failure of education systems that's combined with the parts of human nature that drive us to look for yes/no, stop/go solutions and explanations.
GPS does not work according to Newtonian mechanics. It has to be corrected for Special Relativity (because the satellites are in a moving frame relative to us) and General Relativity, because they are in a different gravity environment. If these were not corrected for your position would drift by 10km (6 miles) every 24 hours and be totally useless.
In fact the General Relativity correction is the most important.
Without Einstein your satnav would say something like "sometime, approximately in the next 2.5 miles turn left"
In fact the General Relativity correction is the most important.
Without Einstein your satnav would say something like "sometime, approximately in the next 2.5 miles turn left"
Depends on your definition of “most of the time”. “Most of the time” you don’t need a field solver to analyze your circuit, yet I end up using them “a lot of the time” in my line of work. Yet to resort to Sonnet, Momentum, or HFSS designing an audio amp.
That demands a good long view, He was well thought of by GPS itself; this is Hatch's obituary here https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/members/hatch/
It seems from a cursory scan through that he did not think much of some of Einstein's and Feynman's thinking on General Relativity - in fact he asserts that they were plain wrong, if my scan through is correct.
It seems from a cursory scan through that he did not think much of some of Einstein's and Feynman's thinking on General Relativity - in fact he asserts that they were plain wrong, if my scan through is correct.
It's by design. Pedagogy embraced a philosophy rooted in 1960s postmodernism that attacks the very possibility of objective judgement in principle. Blurring the boundaries, it's all a spectrum, different ways of knowing, standpoint and others are all downstream developments. Recent discussions on this forum led to a re-read of James Lindsey's "Cynical Theories", a historical examination of this phenomena and its very recognisable public offshoots. What on first read was a near impenetrable wall of irrationality is now easy to follow. Not sure that's encouraging.
It's led us to the point where people can talk about "my truth" and not be laughed at.
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