Bob Cordell's Power amplifier book

...So my question...is whether LTspice & the Cordell et al models sim whatever 'non-linearlity' remains of this.

As far as I know, no, it is a function of the LTspice model formula rather than Bob's or any other specific model values.
I have a recollection that Self mentions this briefly because he couldn't successfully simulate some observations.
Says he discussed it with Baxandall and/or Cherry and they said you would need a quadratic term at least.
Will try to find the reference and also see if LTspice has had any updates.

Best wishes for the season
David

You receive the Cherry CE schematic I sent you?
 
AX tech editor
Joined 2002
Paid Member
Thanks, the fact that I have agreed to come in on a two hr. a week basis to help out probably has tempered my feelings. I keep my badge, computer, access to our simuators, email, and of course all my friends.

This is a personal thing of course but for me a took literally a few years to get rid of an uneasy feeling that I was loafing and cheating by not going to work.

But I'm over that now, finally :cool:

Jan
 
Thanks for this Waly.

I've developed a headache trying to unnderstan the excerpts but took away from p187
That's sorta my understanding of the subject ...

So my question to yus gurus is whether LTspice & the Cordell et al models sim whatever 'non-linearlity' remains of this.

The default Spice Gummel Poon model does not include a nonlinear Early effect. If the VAF value has any impact on distortions then it is indirect, through the Ccb contribution.
 
Q112 limits too early.
the 75r develops ~400mVbe when Ic = 5.3mApk that's the protection transistor just starting to turn on and reaching full limiting @ ~7mApk
Q109 is passing ~6mA, i.e. the protection transistor has already entered protection when there is zero signal and only quiescent current.
R121:R115 should be around 1:3 for value.
If you need 100r and 75r of degeneration then you can split the 75r into 43r and 33r. The 33r attached to the negative rail starts to turn on Q112 @ ~12mApk This allows the stage to pass signals almost reaching ±5.5mApk without the protection introducing distortion as it turns on.
Q113 probably needs a protection resistor in it's collector lead.

Thanks Andrew, good pick up. R121 has been selected so that the voltage dropped across it is equal to that across R107/R108 for best input stage balance. I've split the resistor to prevent the protection transistor from turning on too soon.

I've seen a lot of schematics with a resistor in the collector of the VAS EF to protect it when overdriven. But wouldn't this put a voltage at the collector, causing Cbc to modulate with the signal?
 
...................

I've seen a lot of schematics with a resistor in the collector of the VAS EF to protect it when overdriven. But wouldn't this put a voltage at the collector, causing Cbc to modulate with the signal?
I have seen from 0r0 to 10k in the collector lead of the EF helper.
I have also seen that it should not be 0r0.
I have seen comment that this resistor affects output quality.

I use the minimum that protects the transistor. 1k to 2k usually does that. (with your high value emitter resistor you could use a lower value collector resistor, but base current into VAS needs to be estimated).

You can use the simulator and ask it what it predicts for the effect on signal quality.
 
Last edited:
Member
Joined 2011
Paid Member
A series resistor in the collecter leg of the emitter follower (front half of a so called "Darlington VAS" , ugh) provides a super handy node to install the PSRR improving capacitor-to-negative-rail that Douglas Self discusses in APAD 6th Edition, Figure 26-12, p. 641
For those who desire (a) quick power-up and (b) maximum PSRR at deepest bass frequencies, consider installing two components from collector to negative rail: a zener diode and a capacitor in parallel.
 
Hi Mark, what's not apparent from the schematic I posted at here is that the rails feeding the IPS are fed from regulated supplies, which is why I haven't implemented the usual measures such as filtering the CCS Vrefs either.

The power supply board's schematic is attached. I used to obtain the boosted and regulated rails by adding windings to the PT as described by Bob in his book, but I now find it far more convenient to use a voltage doubler circuit instead. Only two "extra" parts (C9, C10) vs. Bob's method - a no brainer IMHO to avoid fiddling around with magnet wire and kapton tape.

When I revisit this board I'll do away with the boosted +ve rail altogether and simply bootstrap the VAS CCS and feed the LTP tail from the +15V opamp rail.

The main rails under the control of an 8-pin PIC microcontroller (off board, not shown) which delays turn on to eliminate thump and disconnects power if DC is sensed on the speaker line.
 

Attachments

  • CSH2016-PSM_sch.png
    CSH2016-PSM_sch.png
    33.2 KB · Views: 224
  • DSC00337-large.jpg
    DSC00337-large.jpg
    109.5 KB · Views: 217
Disabled Account
Joined 2012
Thanks, the fact that I have agreed to come in on a two hr. a week basis to help out probably has tempered my feelings. I keep my badge, computer, access to our simuators, email, and of course all my friends.

It took me many years to adjust to the slow pace and unlimited time to do nothing..... ..... the pace and people and work-load goes to zero with nothing much to fill the hole. And, the average man on the street/neighbor isnt a good substitute, either. Thanking the Gods for our hobbies.



-Richard
 
Disabled Account
Joined 2012
As far as I know, no, it is a function of the LTspice model formula rather than Bob's or any other specific model values.
I have a recollection that Self mentions this briefly because he couldn't successfully simulate some observations.
Says he discussed it with Baxandall and/or Cherry and they said you would need a quadratic term at least.
Will try to find the reference and also see if LTspice has had any updates.

Best wishes for the season
David

You receive the Cherry CE schematic I sent you?

D.Self doesnt use LT Spice. He uses MicroCap. Do they give different results?

-RNM
 
D.Self doesnt use LT Spice. He uses MicroCap. Do they..

AFAIK they both use a Modified Gummel Poon model for BJTs and are essentially equivalent in that respect.
But LTspice has made proprietary improvements to way FETs can be modeled so that's why I wrote that I would check if there were any updates, in case he had made similar improvements to the BJT models.

Best wishes
David
 
I'd like to wish everyone a very Merry Christmas in case I don't "see" you before then.

-Chris

You bet, I was lucky to come in at a good time and do the retirement thing on my own terms. I'm sorry for those who did not have that opportunity but at least in some cases the severance packages are still very generous.

BTW Dick I noticed California's homestead protection is pretty meager, in MA it costs $35 to file for $1M protection of property from ALL litigation after you are 65. A few years ago they expanded it to include money held in certain trusts.
 
Last edited:
Micro-Cap 11.0.2.0

Models
Parker-Skellern Gaasfet Model
A fourth GAASFET model option was added.

New BSIM4 Model
The latest BSIM 4.7 model was added.

Updated JFET Model
Added the ALPHA, VK, ISR, N, NR parameters.P

M Multiplier
The M multiplier command line parameter was added to diodes, BJTs, and JFETs.

I do not know enough to compare them. They have been at a while with 11.0.2.0 version
 
Hi Richard,
Being forcibly retired since 2005, you find ways to be busy. It's either that or die for some of us.

So yes, thank god for our hobbies and friends!!!!

I'd like to wish everyone a very Merry Christmas in case I don't "see" you before then.

-Chris

Since we are stimulated by life and electronics to stay alive.

May the magic smoke always carry the same fragrance.
 
Is there any advantage to extending the BW of a current source with respect to the impedance? It seems this is limited by Cob.

If the current source is being used as the load for a single-ended VAS that is Miller-compensated, bear in mind that the impedance at the VAS output load is really dominated by the low impedance created by the shunt feedback of the Miller compensation. This low impedance persists to quite low frequencies in many designs. The key is that we want very low nonlinearity the impedance of things hangling off the Hi-z VAS node. Also, do not overlook the shunt impedances on this node created by the output stage pre-driver or driver transistors via their Ccb and Early effect, not to mention the amplifier load reflected back through the 2 or 3 emitter followers in a 2EF or 3EF output stage.

Cheers,
Bob