How do I determine polarity?

Is it safe to assume long lead is positive? There is no other marking on this capacitor.
 

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Even bipolar capacitors are marked accordingly, with BP or two + signs, etc.
I'd just throw it away and buy a new one that is properly marked.

Is the pcb properly marked for the polarity of that capacitor?
 
The end opposite the leads is likely exposed metal, the closed end of the metal canister.
Take a resistance measurement between that metal and the two leads one at a time.
One lead should should a variable resistance as the cap charges from the meter.
The other lead should show a fixed resistance of fractions of an Ohm. That is the negative lead.
 
Another possibility:
Connect the capacitor in series with a 100K resistor. Connect the free end of the capacitor and the free end of the resistor to a 30V-40V voltage source. First with "+" of the voltage source to the resistor, then with "+" of the voltage source to the capacitor. Measure the voltage across the capacitor terminals. When the capacitor voltage is within 1V of the source voltage in 1 minute, you have the right polarity of the capacitor.

NB: If bipolar, the polarity does not matter.
 
Yes, if it had been stated that this was from a loudspeaker crossover, then of course
it would have to be a bipolar capacitor. This type of part has no electrical polarity, and
can be installed either way.
 
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You won't find ceramic in this value. You can use polyester like WIMA MKP-4 2x 10uF/63V, if space permits. The don't fit on the PCB but you can hot glue them anywhere and use extension wires. There is a chance they will sound even better.
 
Don't push it all the way down against the board. Add a spacer underneath it,
around 1/4" thick, for strain relief (cardboard, plastic, rubber, wood, etc.).
Then stand it upright, and fold over the top lead down to the other hole.
If it does not reach the hole, add a short wire extension to the lead.
 
It is true that on some polarized, radial lead components, the positive lead is formed longer by the mfr.
This is intended as an assembly aid; that is, you insert the positive lead into the positive marked pad first.
Capacitors and LEDs are often made in this way.
Blocked
 
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