Loudspeaker enclosure made of fiberglass - how thick does it have to be?

How I calculate that?
You could compare the modulus of elasticity of the FRP process you plan to use with plywood, or whatever else you would build with.
As a rough estimate, the FRP could be about half the thickness as plywood for the same stiffness. Because FRP can easily be made with compound curves, you could make a stiffer cabinet with less material than flat surfaces.