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I am working with designing a Very Low Voltage discrete op-amp.
It should be able to operate well at 1.20 - 1.65 VDC = One alkaline AA Battery
I have already created/simulated one circuit that can work at 1.10 Volt ( +- 0.55 Volt )
I have discovered that the lownoise transistors I use, have different level of Vbe.
For example it appears 2SC2240/2SA970 has lower base-emitter voltage than BC550/560 and 2N5551/5401.
I want to know which audio transistors has got lowest VBE
Under low current working conditions and very low voltage.
Say 0.2-2.5 mA and Collector-Emitter voltages of 0.1 - 1.0 Volt.
Lineup
I am working with designing a Very Low Voltage discrete op-amp.
It should be able to operate well at 1.20 - 1.65 VDC = One alkaline AA Battery
An externally hosted image should be here but it was not working when we last tested it.
I have already created/simulated one circuit that can work at 1.10 Volt ( +- 0.55 Volt )
I have discovered that the lownoise transistors I use, have different level of Vbe.
For example it appears 2SC2240/2SA970 has lower base-emitter voltage than BC550/560 and 2N5551/5401.
I want to know which audio transistors has got lowest VBE Under low current working conditions and very low voltage.
Say 0.2-2.5 mA and Collector-Emitter voltages of 0.1 - 1.0 Volt.
Lineup
Hi Lineup,
That's a tall order If it's any use I have circuit for a 3 volt moving coil head amp -- draws 1.5 ma. It's one of JLH's designs and uses a power transistor in common base mode for the input stage. Gives lower noise apparently due to the larger die size in this application.
Regards Karl
That's a tall order
If it's any use I have circuit for a 3 volt moving coil head amp -- draws 1.5 ma. It's one of JLH's designs and uses a power transistor in common base mode for the input stage. Gives lower noise apparently due to the larger die size in this application.Regards Karl
3 Volt and 1.5 mA supply current.
Perfect for battery!
I would say making a discrete amplifier for 2 x 1.20-1.65 Volt (2 Batteries) is more attractive and useful.
This way we can use DC-output stage (without capacitor).
Of course, if my op-amp can work at 1.10 Volt (1 Battery)
it is no problem to make it work for 2.00 - 3.30 Volt.
When working at as low voltage as around 1 Volt,
with one input differential pair,
we are almost restricted to only use Inverting Amplification.
With non-inverted input tied to half supply voltage.
This Gives almost constant VCE operation and allows some input voltage span.
Is no coincidence so many Headphone Amplifier Chips, for lower voltages,
shows the typical appplication is INVERTED Amp.
There are a few very low voltage chips, for lower voltage than 2.7 V.
The many with voltage 2.7 is clearly the target value for use in 2 x 1.5 V Battery devices.
... like mp3 players etc.
Perfect for battery!
I would say making a discrete amplifier for 2 x 1.20-1.65 Volt (2 Batteries) is more attractive and useful.
This way we can use DC-output stage (without capacitor).
Of course, if my op-amp can work at 1.10 Volt (1 Battery)
it is no problem to make it work for 2.00 - 3.30 Volt.
When working at as low voltage as around 1 Volt,
with one input differential pair,
we are almost restricted to only use Inverting Amplification.
With non-inverted input tied to half supply voltage.
This Gives almost constant VCE operation and allows some input voltage span.
Is no coincidence so many Headphone Amplifier Chips, for lower voltages,
shows the typical appplication is INVERTED Amp.
There are a few very low voltage chips, for lower voltage than 2.7 V.
The many with voltage 2.7 is clearly the target value for use in 2 x 1.5 V Battery devices.
... like mp3 players etc.
lineup
Have a look at the LM194/LM394. I understand that they are actually multiple transistors in parallel in both halves. They have a lower than average VBE, and VCE sat. is quite low at 1mA collector current.
Collector to Emitter IC e 1 mA, IB e 10 uA 0.2 typical
Saturation Voltage IC e 1 mA, IB e 100 uA 0.1 typical
SandyK
Have a look at the LM194/LM394. I understand that they are actually multiple transistors in parallel in both halves. They have a lower than average VBE, and VCE sat. is quite low at 1mA collector current.
Collector to Emitter IC e 1 mA, IB e 10 uA 0.2 typical
Saturation Voltage IC e 1 mA, IB e 100 uA 0.1 typical
SandyK
Mooly said:
Thanks, I wait till you publish it, Mooly
AndrewT said:
sandyK said:
SandyK. Thanks for info.
But as I think, the LM194/LM394 are very hard to find transistors.
Maybe even obsolete ...
But they are no doubt high class. Super Matched Lownoise Pair .. as I recall.
AndrewT.
Thanks. I will try some of my ZETEX transistor spice models.
And see if they compare lower VBE.
What are the Lownoise or General small signal transistor devices from ZETEX?TO-92 standard/higher gain.
Suitable for low level audio circuits?
I see in this
ZETEX Application note from 1995
they use ZTX650 npn and ZTX750 pnp
Low Noise Audio Input Stage
http://www.zetex.com/3.0/appnotes/design/dn11.pdf
ZETEX Application note from 1995
they use ZTX650 npn and ZTX750 pnp
Low Noise Audio Input Stage
http://www.zetex.com/3.0/appnotes/design/dn11.pdf
Attachments
SandyK.
I was wrong about LM394.
This super matched low noise pair is still in production.
Strange we do not see these excellent bjt in more hi-fi amplifiers input stages.
AndrewT.
You were absolutely right about ZETEX small signal transistors.
For example when running low voltage simulation,
ZTX689B has got only VBE = 0.505 Volt at 0.5 mA
... this is low base-emitter voltage!
I was wrong about LM394.
This super matched low noise pair is still in production.
Strange we do not see these excellent bjt in more hi-fi amplifiers input stages.
AndrewT.
You were absolutely right about ZETEX small signal transistors.
For example when running low voltage simulation,
ZTX689B has got only VBE = 0.505 Volt at 0.5 mA
... this is low base-emitter voltage!
If you want a really low Vbe from your LM394 or any dual transistor, you simply have to use half of the pair as a heather.
With a metal can, you can probably reach 200°C reasonably safely, which will halve the Vbe.
As a bonus, this might confer to your design tube-like qualities, such as "warmth" in the sound (and inside the box too).
LV
With a metal can, you can probably reach 200°C reasonably safely, which will halve the Vbe.
As a bonus, this might confer to your design tube-like qualities, such as "warmth" in the sound (and inside the box too).
LV
Elvee said:
Elvee.
Interesting idea. I remember that one.
Now for BATTERY, one or two, 1.20-1.50 V / 2.40-3.00 V,
we must consider current consumption.
We want our batteries to last as long as possible.AndrewT said:
AndrewT.
ZTX689B is the device I have put into my low voltage opamp.
It now has been simulated to work rather well at +- 0.500 Volt supply.
The VBE drop is like you say 0.490 - 0.505 Volt.
At least in the spice models I have.
Of course I run my transistors at low currents:
150 uA and to max 500-700uA for the output stage
It is a convential basic opamp =
1. Input differential NPN LTP, two ZTX689B, fead by CCS
---
2. Current mirror on top: Two ZTX718
---
3. PNP VAS=OUTPUT .. right now ZTX718 .. fead by CCS number 2.
Of course use Output from Collectors.
To achieve output like +- 400 mV peak at PSU 1.0 V Battery.
---
4. Both current sources uses ZTX689B with that low VBE drop
and low Saturation Voltage
Notice that if you use rechargable batteries, NiMH 1.2 Volts nominal,
they often have like 1.0 Volt , when empty and need to be charged again.
What is left for me, is to see if anyone of ZETEX NPN transistors
will work better than ZTX689B. ( Less THD % )
For PNP ZTX718 seems to be the best
FARNELL, UK, sells:
http://uk.farnell.com/9525602/semiconductors-discretes/product.us0?sku=zetex-ztx689b
http://uk.farnell.com/9526536/semiconductors-discretes/product.us0?sku=zetex-ztx718
DATASHEETS: ZTX689B and ZTX718
http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/62411.pdf
http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/58736.pdf
Regards
Lineup .. Sweden July 2008
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