Subwoofer, 2x12" or 1x15/18"?

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If the 15's playing at the same spl as the 18, it will have to move backwards and forwards more than the 18 to compensate for the smaller surface area. Therefore the 15 will have to cover more distance per cycle than the 18, and has to move faster to do so.

Depends on the Speaker and/or the enclosure

1x Rockford Fosgate RFR2215 (15") in a bandpass 1.75cu.ft rear and 2cu.ft front tuned at 60Hz
vs.
1x Rockford Fosgate PCH184 (18") in a 18cu.ft sealed box (Qtc 0.707)

both are 117.9db at 40.02Hz with 600 watts

RFR2215 Cone Displacement is 0.38" at 40.02Hz
PCH184 Cone Displacement is 0.47" at 40.02Hz

the PCH184 (18") has higher cone displacement from ~88Hz down

Given I just did one comparison and in some cases it will be the other way around.One can't automatically assume that a 15" driver must move more to produce the same spl at a given frequency then a 18" driver.
 
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