Yes but the magic one is stamped Hubbel. Actually in quantity the Hubble is under $5.00. But when sold as hospital grade there is extra liability and much less price selectivity.
Now in terms of meeting specification the Leviton does meet all code requirements. The Hubbel weighs more and is a bit beefier. It is intended to be sold through the architectural process when it is specified and the contractor who wants to change to the cheaper part must submit paperwork asking for the change. This is often denied.
Had one Engineer of record insist all wire be labeled Belden. They also sell products as West Penn Wire being the same company, but that was not acceptable for his scope.
Now for silly, I wired one rack with 1" conduit and 10 gauge wire. The local electrical inspector insisted we change the internal wiring to 12 gauge. He truly did not understand the code. The National Electrical code does not apply inside equipment, 10 gauge wire carries more current safely than 12 Gauge, and thus there is less heat to be handled.
He only knew the 40% conduit area fill rule which is designed to avoid overheating conduit at full rated load and allow for actually pulling the wire into a length of conduit with bends. No clue he was outside his jurisdiction, 10 gauge would heat less than 12 gauge and the power draw for audio amplifier is not constant at maximum load.
Seems you just like to start a fight which I am not interested in. maybe someone else will oblige you. I have explained my view before and wont go back to square one. My last CD player will be the new OPPO (designed more for DVD) to play my old CD collection. --- which is being replaced with 24/96+ mastered and remastered source/files. I found that jitter was a major issue which has been reduced on many CD processors/players and some still have high levels of idle tones and spurious noise above 20-22KHz which impacts many amps/spkr But, CD still doesnt perform well enough for me.
THx-RNMarsh
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I'm not trying to start a fight, just trying to understand if there is something other than sighted evaluation going on here. I would be very happy if there could be some demonstration that hi-res offers some audible benefits, but so far seen none. And there are plenty of cases of a recent 'high res' release having less dynamic range than the older CD masters (Led Zeppelin for example).
As most DACs perform better at 44.1kHz from a measurement perspective I am confused as to where the benefits are other than marketing. As someone who is convinced enough to spent real money on replacing music you already have and who has a well stocked lab I thought maybe you had some evidence.
As most DACs perform better at 44.1kHz from a measurement perspective I am confused as to where the benefits are other than marketing. As someone who is convinced enough to spent real money on replacing music you already have and who has a well stocked lab I thought maybe you had some evidence.
and there are varying levels of quality at most hardware stores -- residential, commercial and industrial. then there is the Hospital grade (nylon low leakage body) and separate isolated ground. If you buy the industrial quality, you will have the best you can get or High Rel medical grade. No need to buy from PS Audio or any other audio source.
THx-RNMarsh
It reads more like a veiled post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy. E.g., because more bits and less/no final downsampling from the master, therefore superior master.
To a small degree it's true, you are able to keep a bit more signal integrity to your playback device. To a large degree, the damage to the music is done well before the downsampling step is remotely a concern (wouldn't it be great to be dither-limited in our playback chain?!).
I agree with Richard that jitter is probably the biggest contributor to CD problems in recent years. We don't have much control over commercial recordings, and they probably take every short-cut possible, but there are hi end companies who take great care with their high definition mastering as well as their studio recording equipment, and this is often the source of quality hi res recordings. Here is where the 'better' sound systems can show their stuff.
I do recommend anyone who likes classical to try the UK based Chandos label. As they record 5.1 channel SACD and mix down to 2 channels for the CD layer/download you don't get the rolled off lower octaves that most commercial recordings have. And it's music you want to listen to!
Some labels who should know better have some very odd frequency responses that suggest a lot of post processing.
Some labels who should know better have some very odd frequency responses that suggest a lot of post processing.
He cannot go by average power draw, nor can he be allowed to care. He goes by the breaker rating.
Within a conduit greater than 24 inches in length, the percentage rule has to apply.
John
I run into this all the time. On a 20 amp breaker I use 10 gauge wire. You wouldn't believe the number of folks who insist it has to be 12 gauge.
The NEC does not apply inside equipment, but the conduit is never longer than 12". It goes from the connection box on top to the outlet strip. Often two 3 phase 208 distributed to 3 120 V outlets each.
I did get the NEC in places like Ice Rinks, where it is way cheaper to use over-sized wire than pay the electric bills for the ice maker and air-conditioning, to suggest the use of heavier gauge.
That explains it, I had an electrician wire up my range with #10 saying that it was OK if the breaker was 50A.
If the breaker is not approved for 10 gauge, they are correct. If it is, you need to show them a cut sheet showing that it is indeed approved for the wire size. They cannot take your word on it.
NEC requires that all metallic surfaces that can be energized must be bonded. I can see how the inspectors would want to check that. We have the same thing here, we've had to inspect tens of thousands of pieces of equipment for stuff like that.
I believe at 12 inches, you can refer to the conduit as a "nipple", so the 40% rule does not apply. Do you mean flex conduit?
They are more concerned with meeting the word of the code. Many times, the AHJ has to interpret the intent of the code due to some oddball thing that doesn't exactly fit code. We had that problem big time at work, as the machine is basically a DC machine with a combo of tunnel, tray, conduit, cryogens, and vacuum, where the chances of falling directly into a code rule were pretty low.
Exceeding 40% fill by going higher gauge is one of those things where you have to try to convince the inspector to ignore rules, your chances are pretty slim there. Most do not have the flexibility.
As well, what if the customer pops the breaker a few times, then the in house electrician sees the #10awg, puts in an appropriate size breaker for the wire, then loads the wire more in the rack years later. You've grossly exceeded the gauge/conduit fill and now have a hazard despite the fact that the wire is big enough and protected by breaker. I've that type of longevity issue here, the work has to be rock solid 20 years from now, cause lord only knows I won't be...(rock solid, that is). (well, here either..)
That explains it, I had an electrician wire up my range with #10 saying that it was OK if the breaker was 50A.
Sure. He doesn't live there.
John
ps..this place, gotta tell ya... Ok, the electrician should go by the breaker rating.....sheesh..
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If the breaker is not approved for 10 gauge, they are correct. If it is, you need to show them a cut sheet showing that it is indeed approved for the wire size. They cannot take your word on it.
NEC requires that all metallic surfaces that can be energized must be bonded. I can see how the inspectors would want to check that. We have the same thing here, we've had to inspect tens of thousands of pieces of equipment for stuff like that.
I believe at 12 inches, you can refer to the conduit as a "nipple", so the 40% rule does not apply. Do you mean flex conduit?
They are more concerned with meeting the word of the code. Many times, the AHJ has to interpret the intent of the code due to some oddball thing that doesn't exactly fit code. We had that problem big time at work, as the machine is basically a DC machine with a combo of tunnel, tray, conduit, cryogens, and vacuum, where the chances of falling directly into a code rule were pretty low.
Exceeding 40% fill by going higher gauge is one of those things where you have to try to convince the inspector to ignore rules, your chances are pretty slim there. Most do not have the flexibility.
As well, what if the customer pops the breaker a few times, then the in house electrician sees the #10awg, puts in an appropriate size breaker for the wire, then loads the wire more in the rack years later. You've grossly exceeded the gauge/conduit fill and now have a hazard despite the fact that the wire is big enough and protected by breaker. I've that type of longevity issue here, the work has to be rock solid 20 years from now, cause lord only knows I won't be...(rock solid, that is). (well, here either..)
Never seen a breaker that doesn't use one frame for all ratings so they take whatever fits. I looked at mine they say Al-Cu and come with a data sheet that tells which panels they fit and 1 phase 3 wire 120/240V 10KA interrupt.
No issue with the bonding, there are terminals on the rack and each piece of gear is rated.
We don't use flex whenever possible the code really restricts the length and use.
No the guy worked in the trades and knew the 40% rule from pulling runs. I did cite chapter and verse. The current code has a nice bit about heating and fill and 40% as a guideline.
You really should reread section 1 where it describes where the code comes into play. There are lots of exemptions for my kind of stuff.
Now if an electrician finds my breakers are popping there are other issues.
BTY in my house I have 5 amp breakers on the lighting circuits.
Scott,
He was dangerous. It would have been fine with 8 gauge THHN.
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