If it says CD-R, it does NOT meet "Redbook Standard." And of course you can only record on CD-R, so any CD you "burn" in a computer drive or audio CD recorder is not "Redbook standard."
Check my previous post (#26) again!
Next step would be to use the CRO and check the same WAV files burnt on different reflectivity CD-R's for eye-pattern RF level variations. This is the only way you'll be able to find which CD-R's have highest reflectivity.
Some newer CD mechanisms have “overscan” ability: the spindle motor spins the disk very slowly while the laser pickup does a quick, full travel from inside to outside the CD (or CD-R, or CD-RW) to check the reflectivity. Once the reflectivity is detected, the microprocessor sets the correct laser output level (voltage).
You could adjust the laser output level on your Sony by adjusting the little trim-pot located on the laser pick-up; 1 - 2 degrees clock-wise will do the trick - but the correct laser output level should be checked by measuring the eye-pattern amplitude level.
In general, if the eye-pattern RF amplitude is lower than 1 V pp with original audio CD’s, then the laser output should be adjusted to about 1.3 V pp (Service Manual can be handy as well for correct level for your CD player mechanism & servo combination.)
Bokys
I am not familiar with the burning process, but my logic is that burning at lower speeds keeps the laser over a "pit" or bit for a longer period of time, so there might be a better contrast between the reflecting and non reflecting areas.
The optical pick-up can compensate for the different reflection ratios between mediums, but it cannot compensate for the level differences between a reflective area and a non reflective area.
I base this on the fact that i never encountered a reading problem with CD-Rs burned at 4x. This until two years ago when my old TEAC burner broke. I replaced it with an ASUS CD/DVD burner that only lets me burn discs at 16x or above. Now i encounter skipping problems on the last tracks ( where the writing speed is actually greater). I use a 1994 designed Technics cd player with a Philips optical pick-up mechanism. The long debated issue regarding the actual length of the disc has nothing to do with these reading problems in my belief since the player reads 90 minutes CD-rs without struggling.
Reading / writing speed is constant; it is called the peripheral speed...
Peripheral Speed [m/s] = Angular Speed [rad/s] X Radius [m] rad=1
As radius increases -> the angular speed decreases to keep the peripheral speed constant.
This is why the spindle motor speed is fastest when the lens reads inner tracks, and slowest when the lens reaches the outer tracks (tracks closest to the CD edge)
Boky
That is indeed true for audio playback.
However, i use Nero to burn discs and there is a registry key setting that you can toggle to see the actual writing speed.
The writing starts at the minimum speed the recorder handles and starts to increase. Maximum speed ( of 52x or so for CD ) is reached for only a few seconds at the end of the disc.
This is documented here :http://www.osta.org/technology/cdqa5.htm
However, i use Nero to burn discs and there is a registry key setting that you can toggle to see the actual writing speed.
The writing starts at the minimum speed the recorder handles and starts to increase. Maximum speed ( of 52x or so for CD ) is reached for only a few seconds at the end of the disc.
This is documented here :http://www.osta.org/technology/cdqa5.htm
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Yes, the specification for 1x reading is to change the rotational speed to keep linear speed constant. That also keeps the bit rate constant. It's possible to maintain a constant bit rate while simply multiplying the rotational speed, but at some point it becomes difficult to balance a cheap piece of plastic at high speeds.
More advanced burner designs can change the clock speed instead of changing the rotational speed and accomplish the same thing. The advantage here is one of physics. Even something as light as a CD has an incredible amount of rotational inertia when spinning at 10,000 rpm, and it is not possible to instantaneously change rotational inertia at any speed. There is always a time delay to reach a new rotational speed, especially when seeking to a new area on the disc. In contrast, clock speeds can change instantaneously if the circuit is designed for it, and thus these modern drives will just spin up the disc to maximum speed and adjust the clock rate as necessary.
Thus, simple math shows that with a constant rotational speed, the clock rate must start out slower at the beginning of the disc where the diameter of one rotation is smaller, then the clock rate must rise as the diameter increases while the laser is moving towards the outside of the disc.
At a fixed 10,000 rpm, that puts your data rate at slightly more than 20x on the inner part (20x 500 rpm = 10,000) and as high as 52x as the outer part is reached (52x 200 rpm = 10,400).
Anyway, you have to be careful about when you mean by 'speed.' The most basic techniques keep the burn data speed constant but follow the standard decreasing rotational speed as the disc reaches the end. More recent, advanced techniques keep the rotational speed relatively constant, but have to increase the data speed as the disc reaches the end (thus increasing the 'x' speed multiplier as the disc burns longer).
I read somewhere that burners will cut the rpm if the computer cannot keep the data coming fast enough, and my burner sure seems to slow down if I'm doing a lot with my computer while burning (I have a very old computer from 2006). Now I quit all programs just so the burner does not have to change the speed.
Looks like Yamaha has the better approach - is that what people are finding in terms of reliable burns?
My drive uses CAV for the whole CD-R and Z-CLV for CD-RW. Good media and burning at some 1/2 of the max speed written on the CD (usually I have 52X discs, so I use 24X speed) gives me the best results.
ASUS DRW-1814BLT SATA 18x DVD±RW/RAM
ASUS DRW-1814BLT SATA 18x DVD±RW/RAM
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I have never noticed a change in burning speed but do find when ripping CD's that often the CD "pauses" at some point in the process and then speed increases dramatically.
No consistency with that and some discs do and some don't and some increase like that just minutes from the end... but the results seem pefect every time.
I use an Acer laptop and Ashampoo Burning Studio and when burning there is a data buffer to prevent problems if the CPU suddenly decides to go and do something else instead. Can honestly say that over a couple of hundred burned discs I have never had a single failure.
On the topic of "pits and lands"...
CDR don't have "em" in that sense... that's the big difference between pressed and burned discs. The laser doesn't "detect" reflection and non reflection in the way we think. It is the boundary between a pit and land that cause the change in signal, and in the case of CDR, where the dye changes state.
No consistency with that and some discs do and some don't and some increase like that just minutes from the end... but the results seem pefect every time.
I use an Acer laptop and Ashampoo Burning Studio and when burning there is a data buffer to prevent problems if the CPU suddenly decides to go and do something else instead. Can honestly say that over a couple of hundred burned discs I have never had a single failure.
On the topic of "pits and lands"...
CDR don't have "em" in that sense... that's the big difference between pressed and burned discs. The laser doesn't "detect" reflection and non reflection in the way we think. It is the boundary between a pit and land that cause the change in signal, and in the case of CDR, where the dye changes state.
Thanks for the tip, I'll take a look at that, I'm going abroad for a weeks in a couple of days so I won't be able to do it now. But definitely I'll check that, also it might need adjustment.
So far I've found that Sony cd-r's seems to be better. I've tried my back ups, done a while ago, although I burned them on my old laptop at 4x.
None of them had any problems being read.
Again, it might be a mix reflection/speed, but who knows.
I remember back in 2004 when I started ripping my vinyl's, I was told by the guy who sold me the cd's to burn at the slowest speed possible. He said that way the laser spends more time in one area and burns deeply (he mentioned what you've said) and also he said, the discs were less prone to fail if scratched. I followed his advice and never had a problem. Now in my new pc I can only burn at 8x or 7x (using Roxio easy media creator) as minimum speed.
I don't know the difference between Roxio and Nero, but I've had a better rate of success using Roxio. (only 1 cd didn't work, but neither did with Nero).
Although Roxio keeps the same burning speed through the burning process
It seems the number of tracks is not a big issue, as mentioned before I burned 2 albums in 1 cd. More than 20 track and running time close to 78 minutes and it plays fine.
I used Ashampoo Burning Studio on my laptop (running windows xp) now for some reason I add the songs to a compilation. I'm using windows 7 64bits.
All the cd's burned with Ashampoo work fine. Although those were burned at 4x, my laptop being an old Compaq Presario allowed me that speed, but not my desktop.
That's what I cannot, or we cannot agree with.
My cdp reads the cd's burned at 4x, 7x and 8x. But not all of them, so that's why I cannot pinpoint the real issue.
It might be the light reflected, dirty lens, burning speed, laser that needs adjustment (or maybe dying, I hope not!)
I'm going to buy some Sony cd-r's and burn them at 8x and see how it goes, I was going to stop today after work, but I was delayed on my way home.
It seem a few have similar issues though.
i had a sony cdplayer from 1994 mid of the line , and never had a problem with cd´s burned even at 32x.
when the reading problems started it was the laser failing but your player might be older so it can be something else.
i thought sony lasers were easy to find , i threw mine in to the trash and a few days later a friend told me he had that laser in his spares.
Anyway i was only waiting for an excuse to buy the Cambridge Audio and it was a great choice.
when the reading problems started it was the laser failing but your player might be older so it can be something else.
i thought sony lasers were easy to find , i threw mine in to the trash and a few days later a friend told me he had that laser in his spares.
Anyway i was only waiting for an excuse to buy the Cambridge Audio and it was a great choice.
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To a certain extend Sony lasers are easy to find (and cheap) you can find some kss2xx for as little as U$14 but with higher end players (the es/esd an other series) lasers are hard to find, and expensive.
Mine uses the Bu-1E on a kss190a mechanism, those usually sell at around U$150 if you're lucky.
I think the price is kind of o.k. I mean considering a new one would last probably another 10 years, but finding one is the problem.
This is why sometimes I think of selling this cdp while there's still life on it and buy a new one, or simply go all computer based.
Is a shame though that we have to get rid of such nice equipment, something so well engineered just because there's shortage of parts.
I think that's it, but the problem is no one can tell how well those are manufactured.
On the other hand you have a brand new one for just 695 euros!!
Gerner Electronics, Laser pickups, Flexboards, Beamerlampen, Messgeräte
This is where supply and demand gets crazy.
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