bipolar (BJT) transistor families for audio power output stages

Hi Lumba.

This is my answer:

That due to irregular amorphous structural affinities in power BJTs, an empirical correction coefficient calibration is symbolistically invaluable. More theoretically, along with the concept of aspect as such, where a specific convulsive load is executed (twice), while contextualizing an autonomous code infiltration of sporadic turbulence into being, striking the laterally interior portion of the vertically peripheral zone, manifesting themselves as smoke particles, distinguishing core-criteria from academic affectation. Having said that, these legendary indicators reflect a chaotic non-equilibrium state of emergency, widely regarded as a disgrace, yet most indispensable to a truthful appreciation of foundational cross-genre representation on a significant scale, despite persistent determination, almost certainly loses its footing at cut off frequencies. In other words, at a certain level of ungoverned intensity, as a result of systematically examines various ostensible computational issues with unerring precision, including the fictional reminiscent characterization of abstract intersubjective field behavior, in a weakly ordered setting. Of course, it not just provides detailed quantitative insight into the classical sequential equidistance segmentation during arrangement exceptions, but also highlights standard difficulties involved, with the other, more or less one in the other, more or less one in the other, more or less one in the other, we discover that due to irregular amorphous structural affinities in power BJTs, an empirical correction coefficient calibration is symbolistically invaluable. More theoretically, along with the error variance.d under the influence of hypothetical pseudo-composite samples with a single cut. Now, to questions, one being intimately associated with the conceptual intent to neutralize the tactical influence of simulated laboratory model at random trip regime, having strategical focus on statistically peripheral zone, manifesting themselves


/örjan

PS. This was made using the previous message running it through the program Creating random text
 
Gareth,

Let me put it this way:
from a wider perspective, some problems may emerge, crawling up latently, intermittently much bigger than previously visualized under the influence of simulated laboratory model at random trip regime, having strategical focus on statistically predicting the past. In a somewhat deeper sense of analogy, it can be nothing else than a veiled virtual framework for generating mythic ruminations on a vaguely discernible formalistic phenomenon, refined to a high degree through superficial perseverance. Likewise, contemplating the general formula of parochial stationary opinion, which pragmatically examines various ostensible computational issues with unerring precision, including the fictional reminiscent characterization of abstract intersubjective field behavior, in a weakly ordered setting. Of course, it not just provides detailed quantitative insight into the classical sequential equidistance segmentation during arrangement exceptions, but also highlights standard difficulties involved, with the conceptual intent to neutralize the tactical influence of hypothetical pseudo-composite samples with a single cut. Now, to question the answers rather than to answer the questions, one being intimately associated with the other, more or less one in the other, we discover that due to irregular amorphous structural affinities in power BJTs, an empirical correction coefficient calibration is symbolistically invaluable. More theoretically, along with the studies that emphasize facilitating as well as integrating the concept of aspect as such, where a specific convulsive load is executed (twice), while contextualizing an autonomous code infiltration of foundational cross-genre representation on a significant scale, despite persistent determination, almost certainly loses its footing at cut off frequencies. In other words, at a certain level of ungoverned intensity, as a result of systematically growing coalescence rates, fluctuating conformers and other participating elements bring marked formation of sporadic turbulence into being, striking the laterally interior portion of the vertically peripheral zone, manifesting themselves as smoke particles, distinguishing core-criteria from academic affectation. Having said that, these legendary indicators reflect a chaotic non-equilibrium state of emergency, widely regarded as a disgrace, yet most indispensable to a truthful appreciation of semi-existent juxtapositional profile values. In the final analysis, given the fact that it is indeed a distinct variant with rather subtle dispersive impact, no effort should be spared to complement the results with additional evidence accumulated in the compliance agreement, strictly enforcing the possibilistic minimum sustainable increment method to closely fit the deconvolution calculations in accord with the error variance.
HUH?
Abracadabra?
The Steve Miller LP is way better LOL
 
Telstar said:
20hz-150khz @-0.5dB
I must apologize to you. At first I thought you were being unreasonable but it was I being species-ist. Also, I am very impressed that you, as a porpoise, have learned to type. :innocent:

Species Approximate Range (Hz)
human 64-23,000
dog 67-45,000
cat 45-64,000
cow 23-35,000
horse 55-33,500
sheep 100-30,000
rabbit 360-42,000
rat 200-76,000
mouse 1,000-91,000
gerbil 100-60,000
guinea pig 54-50,000
hedgehog 250-45,000
raccoon 100-40,000
ferret 16-44,000
opossum 500-64,000
chinchilla 90-22,800
bat 2,000-110,000
beluga whale 1,000-123,000
elephant 16-12,000
porpoise 75-150,000
goldfish 20-3,000
catfish 50-4,000
tuna 50-1,100
bullfrog 100-3,000
tree frog 50-4,000
canary 250-8,000
parakeet 200-8,500
cockatiel 250-8,000
owl 200-12,000
chicken 125-2,000
Frequency Hearing Ranges in Dogs and Other Species
 
Bob Cordell; 2043491 said:
Bob Cordell post #646: Interestingly, I think there are some perhaps poorly understood advantages to output transformers, beyond just the convenience of having taps to allow the same power output into different impedances. Just a suspicion on my part based on my experience building a tube amp. I note that McIntosh for a long time built solid state amps with output transformers, I think. Not and expert here.
SQLGuy post #647: They did and still do. The main benefit they quote is that, if your solid state output stage blows up, with an output transformer it won't be trying to feed 80V DC into your woofer's voice coil.
Of course, besides the impedance matching benefit, the output transformers give McIntosh a big advantage in the old "the best amp is the heaviest one" test. ;-)
I am sure, that an output transformer is better in all cases compare to each relais contact in serial to the output line for dc protect. Also a good solution is an appropriate capacitor in serial to the output line, if it was chioce a top quality version. Regarded a schematic with output transformer I have started this thread:
http://www.diyaudio.com/forums/soli...osh-ma-6800-ma6800-power-stage-schematic.html
 
[B said:
Bigun post #585:[/B] embarassingly slow ? - the power BJTs we are using today have cut off frequencies that are way up there. Small signal BJTs can operate significantly faster than that.
a big problem ? - not that I can see.
2007
"Researchers at the United Kingdom's University of Southampton have produced bipolar transistors that are twice as fast as current devices. Using a standard silicon-bipolar-fabrication technique with fluorine implantation, the group has demonstrated transistors with a transition frequency (fT) of 110GHz."

Lumba Ogir; post #658: 2044251]Gareth,
Let me put it this way:
from a wider perspective, some problems may emerge, crawling up latently, intermittently much bigger than previously visualized under the influence of simulated laboratory model at random trip regime, having strategical focus on statistically predicting the past. In a somewhat deeper sense of analogy, it can be nothing else than a veiled virtual framework for generating mythic ruminations on a vaguely discernible formalistic phenomenon, refined to a high degree through superficial perseverance. Likewise, contemplating the general formula of parochial stationary opinion, which pragmatically examines various ostensible computational issues with unerring precision, including the fictional reminiscent characterization of abstract intersubjective field behavior, in a weakly ordered setting. Of course, it not just provides detailed quantitative insight into the classical sequential equidistance segmentation during arrangement exceptions, but also highlights standard difficulties involved, with the conceptual intent to neutralize the tactical influence of hypothetical pseudo-composite samples with a single cut. Now, to question the answers rather than to answer the questions, one being intimately associated with the other, more or less one in the other, we discover that due to irregular amorphous structural affinities in power BJTs, an empirical correction coefficient calibration is symbolistically invaluable. More theoretically, along with the studies that emphasize facilitating as well as integrating the concept of aspect as such, where a specific convulsive load is executed (twice), while contextualizing an autonomous code infiltration of foundational cross-genre representation on a significant scale, despite persistent determination, almost certainly loses its footing at cut off frequencies. In other words, at a certain level of ungoverned intensity, as a result of systematically growing coalescence rates, fluctuating conformers and other participating elements bring marked formation of sporadic turbulence into being, striking the laterally interior portion of the vertically peripheral zone, manifesting themselves as smoke particles, distinguishing core-criteria from academic affectation. Having said that, these legendary indicators reflect a chaotic non-equilibrium state of emergency, widely regarded as a disgrace, yet most indispensable to a truthful appreciation of semi-existent juxtapositional profile values. In the final analysis, given the fact that it is indeed a distinct variant with rather subtle dispersive impact, no effort should be spared to complement the results with additional evidence accumulated in the compliance agreement, strictly enforcing the possibilistic minimum sustainable increment method to closely fit the deconvolution calculations in accord with the error variance.

To translate and understand of some specific english articles from the "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" so as any US patents my english is already enough.
But after read this statement from Lumba I must say, my english is still very very bad, because I don't understand this clearly, even not with help of some translation tools.
Lumba has to do professionally with "Heisenberg uncertainty principle"?
for more information go to
Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Uncertainty Principle (Werner Heisenberg)

If yes, I must go to find better language translation tools to better understanding Lumba's comments.
 
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tiefbassuebertr,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle tells us why LTSpice is worthless for distortion analysis.

This is another ridiculous statement. Heisenberg uncertainty and Planck values describe the minimum of what can be measured in the universe. Period. There are some good amps and good devices out there, but they are nowhere near good enough, even from a simulation perspective, that signals are getting lost in the quantum noise floor.

On the other hand, you can model and simulate a tunnel diode in *spice. Tunnel diodes work because of Heisenberg uncertainty and the ability of small particles to tunnel through inpenetrable barriers, so *spice is not having a problem here either.

I do believe it's true that a design will never test as well as it simulates (unless the spice models are wrong). Spice minimizes or removes the effects of thermal interaction, EMI, RFI, line noise, bad circuit routing, etc. However, as a relative tool, its results are still perfectly valid. A design that simulates 1/10th of the distortion of another design, when built correctly, should in reality have considerably lower distortion than the implementation of the other design.

Of course, one of my main arguments with a lot of people in audio is that I believe that all this stuff works on well understood (at least by some people) physics; not magic. I don't believe in directional wire, or directional non-polarized capacitors. I don't believe in free-standing wood structures that break up bad vibrations in the room, but leave good ones alone. And I don't believe that a designer who is ignorant of the underlying principles of the devices he's using is going to achieve really good results, other than, once in a great while, by luck.
 
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tiefbassuebertr,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle tells us why LTSpice is worthless for distortion analysis.

This is nonsense.

LTspice is extremely valuable for distortion analysis, especially when decent transistor models are used. LTspice provides tremendous insight, even if the absolute numbers it provides don't have perfect correlation with measurements on the actual amp built.

Is it the answer to the maiden's prayer? No, it is far from perfect.

Does it explain why ordinary THD measurements and simulations sometimes may not correlate with sound quality or hearing preferences? No.

This does not mean it is without value. It is of limited value to people who are close-minded, however, and do not understand that theory, measurement, and listening can co-exist to move us to better sound.

Cheers,
Bob
 
tiefbassuebertr,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle tells us why LTSpice is worthless for distortion analysis.
I think it is more "correlation vs causation uncertainty principle" that limits it, or limits the user. I find it very worthwhile for distortion analysis although inaccurate. Unfortunately there isn't a "judge sound quality" feature, so it is no more useful than probing a real circuit in this respect.