Sir, thank you for sharing your personal opinions with us, but personally I stopped understand your statements and their purposes long time ago, despite all my efforts to get them.
I wrote in the thread "Skin effect in wires"
Skin Effect in Wires.
For the purposes of natural sound I use "slew rate" in the meaning of gradient of a signal (depends on frequency and max amplitude). As we deal here with sinusoidal musical signal than the slew rate is linearly proportional to frequency and ability to conduct/amplify voltage signals.
I agree with wikipedia here.
Slew rate - Wikipedia
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Those connectors are big for a few reasons:
first reason would be that the electric contacts need to be very firm as you may have very high losses at the shield inserting point, yes, the shield not the thinner signal wire connector!
second reason: radio stations are more often used by non qualified persons and making a firm contact must be done quicker and easier.
Then for the cable capacitance to be as low as possible (working with VHF and UHF or GSM signals) you need the signal wire as far as the outer shielding(gnd) , hence some cables(especially those with lower quality dielectric or very high power ones) have big diameters.
BUT
if you look into a gsm amp unit you might find very tiny coax cables even 2mm in diameter connected through 3...4mm connectors as they should be operated only by specialist.
The materials used in a gsm(gprs) internal cable(dielectric, sockets) are much higher quality and they do not bend as the user video/radio cables in car radio stations or high power HAM stations.
By the way...
i was a radio communication soldier in the NATO forces for a year(mandatory Civil Service at the time , not a war HERO
I used to fix high power supply units for pumping industrial CO2 lasers which had up RF amplifiers up to 5kw of transferred power and i often needed to make quick changes in cabling for hundreds of tests that i have done on this lasers for almost a year.
I used to install and program hundreds of radio and gprs communications modules for burglar and fire alarm system monitoring for 2 years.
There was a very funny story though where, for commercial reasons i would buy second hand military RF cables of the highest diameter available with the signal wires of 3mm in thickness and used it in no more that 1.5m long cables with the best connectors on the market between the RF pumping unit and the CO2 optical unit and i had about 5...15 %(10%?? ) reflected power with those cables no matter how well i would have tried to insert them to the thick copper shield and it was military grade !At 20% loses the RF amp would shutdown if i remember right but it might be that the limit was 10%, I just can't remember. I designed new controllers for those lasers easier to be operated than the original Coherent controller (also cheaper as we had lots of laser units without controllers)...It happened a decade ago...
One client came to take his lasers and for the tests he came with a cable of about 7mm in diameter for the whole 20m long cable and its losses were 0.5..2% while transferring 5kw of power .
The RF amp was supplied by 48v of power, but it was impossible to measure the output voltage at the laser unit input with my cables as the 300 v max input tektronix had sudden shutdowns for two times in a raw on 10x probe, the probe itself was fried!!!)
and that was just because the connector was very well put together with the cable.
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Yes, but if you have any original recordings of actual Mozart, I would listen through a phone speaker to hear them, and enjoy, if that's the only quality available.
Your personal question would be, do you prefer your least favorite sounds in hi fidelity?
My answer is no
To me, high res shitty is more shitty than I want to hear. Low res beauty is still beauty.
Out...
S
OK, that's clear. I wasn't sure because you mentioned slew rate, frequency and gradient in the same sentence.
Jan
It is not hard to map the gradient of a real music signal, I doubt much surprising would show up.
No. Coaxial cable capacitance does not depend on the diameter of the cable; it depends on the ratio of diameters inner/outer, and the dielectric.dreamth said:
Big cables (and big connectors) are used for higher power and generally lower frequencies. At very high frequencies you may need to use smaller cable/connectors so you don't get mode mixing in the cable. Past a certain point of power and frequency you cannot use cable at all and have to use waveguide - high frequency needs a thin cable (opposite of what Alex said) but high power needs a thick cable.
"Slew rate" is ambiguous. Does it mean 'instantaneous slew rate' or 'maximum slew rate'? "Gradient" has a similar ambiguity.
Those connectors are big for a few reasons:
first reason would be that the electric contacts need to be very firm as you may have very high losses at the shield inserting point, yes, the shield not the thinner signal wire connector!
second reason: radio stations are more often used by non qualified persons and making a firm contact must be done quicker and easier.
Then for the cable capacitance to be as low as possible (working with VHF and UHF or GSM signals) you need the signal wire as far as the outer shielding(gnd) , hence some cables(especially those with lower quality dielectric or very high power ones) have big diameters.
BUT
if you look into a gsm amp unit you might find very tiny coax cables even 2mm in diameter connected through 3...4mm connectors as they should be operated only by specialist.
The materials used in a gsm(gprs) internal cable(dielectric, sockets) are much higher quality and they do not bend as the user video/radio cables in car radio stations or high power HAM stations.
By the way...
i was a radio communication soldier in the NATO forces for a year(mandatory Civil Service at the time , not a war HERO
I used to fix high power supply units for pumping industrial CO2 lasers which had up RF amplifiers up to 5kw of transferred power and i often needed to make quick changes in cabling for hundreds of tests that i have done on this lasers for almost a year.
I used to install and program hundreds of radio and gprs communications modules for burglar and fire alarm system monitoring for 2 years.
There was a very funny story though where, for commercial reasons i would buy second hand military RF cables of the highest diameter available with the signal wires of 3mm in thickness and used it in no more that 1.5m long cables with the best connectors on the market between the RF pumping unit and the CO2 optical unit and i had about 5...15 %(10%?? ) reflected power with those cables no matter how well i would have tried to insert them to the thick copper shield and it was military grade !At 20% loses the RF amp would shutdown if i remember right but it might be that the limit was 10%, I just can't remember. I designed new controllers for those lasers easier to be operated than the original Coherent controller (also cheaper as we had lots of laser units without controllers)...It happened a decade ago...
One client came to take his lasers and for the tests he came with a cable of about 7mm in diameter for the whole 20m long cable and its losses were 0.5..2% while transferring 5kw of power .
The RF amp was supplied by 48v of power, but it was impossible to measure the output voltage at the laser unit input with my cables as the 300 v max input tektronix had sudden shutdowns for two times in a raw on 10x probe, the probe itself was fried!!!)
and that was just because the connector was very well put together with the cable.
Thicker coaxial cables have less losses, at least as long as they are not so thick that they start behaving as a waveguide as well.
The thicker the internal conductor of a cable, the bigger its circumference. The circumference and up to one skin depth below it is essentially the part of the inner conductor that conducts RF.
Given the diameter of the internal conductor, the dielectric constant of the insulation and the desired characteristic impedance, one can calculate what the inner diameter of the shield has to be. In fact it's proportional to the diameter of the inner conductor.
Reflections are minimized when the discontinuity introduced by the connectors is as small as possible, so thick connectors are preferred for thick cables.
For FM broadcast frequencies and above, long and thin coaxial cables are very handy as a dummy load. Their losses are so large that no matter what you connect on the other side, the transmitter will always see a well-matched load. I have a 30 m-long RG-174 cable for that very purpose.
Of course all of this is quite off-topic...
All we need now is to get into high end BS cables ...
Most "highend-ish " cables are just coax cables adding capacitance to the output of the amplifiers where you should simply use thick separate wires and nothing more.Well...I'm not talking Sigma Drive or motional feedback here
The amplifiers with lower damping factors and high bandwidth usually get to oscillate and what we get as "airy sound" is actually high freq (sometimes even mid range ) intermodulation products in the upper audio range...It is well known that the highs content (be it harmonics, oscillations, noise) creates the impression of a much larger soundstage,
but, instead of listening to a neurosurgeon or a psychiatrist , we prefer to talk with audiophile guys as it makes us feel safer and healthier
A few months ago i found a guy on Facebook who agreed to change his most expensive cabling attached to some very expensive speakers with separate bass and mid high section sockets and i told him exactly this:
Go to the closest Chinese shop and buy the cheapest but thick enough(2.5mm thick) wires that can deliver the current to your speakers at 50 watts(i had a quick approximate calculus for that and 1.5mm would have been fine for the purpose of this trial, but all he could find was 2.5 mm copper wires for electricians) .
Then you get separate wires from the same amplifier output to each input (mid-high and bass) of the speaker.
A week later his response:
It sounds cleaner and tighter, much more precise, its just that i prefer the expensive cables because i live in a small room and i have the feeling of a more spacious sound...
Unfortunately he couldn't find aluminium 1.5 mm wires))))
I'd suggest the "digitalized stressed persons" to get a walk in nature...It's much cheaper and healthier.
Most "highend-ish " cables are just coax cables adding capacitance to the output of the amplifiers where you should simply use thick separate wires and nothing more.Well...I'm not talking Sigma Drive or motional feedback here
The amplifiers with lower damping factors and high bandwidth usually get to oscillate and what we get as "airy sound" is actually high freq (sometimes even mid range ) intermodulation products in the upper audio range...It is well known that the highs content (be it harmonics, oscillations, noise) creates the impression of a much larger soundstage,
but, instead of listening to a neurosurgeon or a psychiatrist , we prefer to talk with audiophile guys as it makes us feel safer and healthier
A few months ago i found a guy on Facebook who agreed to change his most expensive cabling attached to some very expensive speakers with separate bass and mid high section sockets and i told him exactly this:
Go to the closest Chinese shop and buy the cheapest but thick enough(2.5mm thick) wires that can deliver the current to your speakers at 50 watts(i had a quick approximate calculus for that and 1.5mm would have been fine for the purpose of this trial, but all he could find was 2.5 mm copper wires for electricians) .
Then you get separate wires from the same amplifier output to each input (mid-high and bass) of the speaker.
A week later his response:
It sounds cleaner and tighter, much more precise, its just that i prefer the expensive cables because i live in a small room and i have the feeling of a more spacious sound...
Unfortunately he couldn't find aluminium 1.5 mm wires
))))I'd suggest the "digitalized stressed persons" to get a walk in nature...It's much cheaper and healthier.
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Well you could use worst-case max amplitude at 20kHz. Hence the rule of thumb of 0.15V/uS per V output amplitude. Plus the usual audio safety factor of 7 x gives, say, 1V/uS per output volt.
Jan
Musician Neil Young about Steve Jobs:
"Steve Jobs was a pioneer of digital music, but when he went home he listened to vinyl," Young said during an interview at the D: Dive Into Media technology conference. He and Jobs were apparently both concerned with the dearth of high-quality listening formats for audiophiles, and the two men met to work on new hardware that could store the large music files Young prefers. Since Jobs's death in October, Young complained, there is "not much going on".
Neil Young: Steve Jobs and I were working on new iPod | Music | The Guardian
"New Steve Jobs Bio Claims He Hated Neil Young"
New Steve Jobs Bio Claims He Hated Neil Young
"According to the Daily Beast, that's exactly what happened after Young went public with his distaste for lossy file formats. Quoting from the new biography Becoming Steve Jobs, which is written by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli, the Beast offers a peek into how Jobs reacted after Young referred to iTunes' audio as "compromised."
"F--- Neil Young, and f--- his records," Jobs reportedly fumed, claiming he was angry because Young had the nerve to "pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first."
Also:
Neil Young News: "Steve Jobs Preferred Vinyl" Says Neil Young
This Is What Happened When Neil Young Tried To Make Peace With Steve J
As well known Steve Jobs ended badly.
"Steve Jobs was a pioneer of digital music, but when he went home he listened to vinyl," Young said during an interview at the D: Dive Into Media technology conference. He and Jobs were apparently both concerned with the dearth of high-quality listening formats for audiophiles, and the two men met to work on new hardware that could store the large music files Young prefers. Since Jobs's death in October, Young complained, there is "not much going on".
Neil Young: Steve Jobs and I were working on new iPod | Music | The Guardian
"New Steve Jobs Bio Claims He Hated Neil Young"
New Steve Jobs Bio Claims He Hated Neil Young
"According to the Daily Beast, that's exactly what happened after Young went public with his distaste for lossy file formats. Quoting from the new biography Becoming Steve Jobs, which is written by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli, the Beast offers a peek into how Jobs reacted after Young referred to iTunes' audio as "compromised."
"F--- Neil Young, and f--- his records," Jobs reportedly fumed, claiming he was angry because Young had the nerve to "pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first."
Also:
Neil Young News: "Steve Jobs Preferred Vinyl" Says Neil Young
This Is What Happened When Neil Young Tried To Make Peace With Steve J
As well known Steve Jobs ended badly.
"Popular Science":
Why Your Music Files Sound Like Crap
All of the compression algorithms are based on outdated understanding of how the human ear works.
By Martha Harbison February 28, 2013
"Those music files -- be they MP3, AAC or WMA -- that you listen to on your portable music players are pretty crap when it comes to accurate sound reproduction from the original recording. But just how crap they really are wasn't known until now."
Why Your Music Files Sound Like Crap | Popular Science
Why Your Music Files Sound Like Crap
All of the compression algorithms are based on outdated understanding of how the human ear works.
By Martha Harbison February 28, 2013
"Those music files -- be they MP3, AAC or WMA -- that you listen to on your portable music players are pretty crap when it comes to accurate sound reproduction from the original recording. But just how crap they really are wasn't known until now."
Why Your Music Files Sound Like Crap | Popular Science
These are the same problems - first bad math, next deaf "audio engineers", third- arrogant radio engineers, greedy "audio companies" like Sony/Toshiba, Microsoft and so on.
MP3 compression just makes things even worse - after wrongful PCM 44 kHz sampling, 16 bit quantization, coding, WAV storing and reproducing.
And the young people are becoming more deaf and more stupid each year.
Update: ... and more pain relievers, more heroin each year. What is DEA US Drug enforcement Admin's budget ? Around 2.4 billion USD in 2019? How much it cost to USA - after all calculations, including war against drugs and drugs-related crimes? NUMEROUS crimes?
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