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#1 |
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Banned
Join Date: Mar 2012
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I learned from a site Psvane & Shuguang tubes | vacuum tube ,electron tube,
Shuguang Treasure valves(black valves) used Japanese Toshiba Thoriated tungsten filament, this material‘s electron emission stability, more longer life than normal tungsten filament, is there any scientific basis? |
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#2 |
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diyAudio Member
Join Date: Aug 2006
Location: Taxland, New Jersey
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A thoriated tungsten filament is one form of an atomic-film emitter. Thorium is added to the tungsten in the process of making tungsten wire. Typically about 1.5% of thorium in the form of thoria (thorium oxide, ThO2) is added. By proper processingf during vacuum pumping of the tube envelope, the metallic thorium is brought to the surface of the filament wire, and emission increases approximately 1000 times. The thoriated tungsten filament is also carburized. The small amount of tungsten carbide formed in the carburizing process reduces the evaporation rate of the thorium and thus increases the life of the filament. At a typical operating temperature of approximately 1900º K, a thoriated tungsten filament will produce a specific peak emission of about 500mA/cm².
For a thoriated tungsten cathode, peak and average emission are essentially the same. A thoriated tungsten filament is more tolerant of ion bombardment than an oxide cathode, and therefore, higher voltages can be applied to the tube.
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"The supercomputer is technologically impossible. It would take all of the water that flows over Niagara Falls to cool the heat generated by the number of vacuum tubes required." ~ Professor of Electrical Engineering, New York University |
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#3 |
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Banned
Join Date: Mar 2012
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Too professional, thank you very much.
What are the advantages of platinum grid? |
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