• WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES.
    Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be
    performed by someone who is thoroughly familiar with
    the safety precautions around high voltages.

pentodes with CCS load?

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it is a fine gain stage - but the gain is so high small device variations cause relatively large changes in the exact value - so it needs to be used inside a feedback loop - and global feedback loops are not popular with some tube circuit designers
the output Z is high too so it needs a hi Z input in the next stage to realize the high gain
 
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I had tried a CCS a EF183 as cathode biasing for a differential amplifier consisting in the two triodes of a two ECL82, and it is great work. And tried as active loading for a 12AX7, the work is properly AT LOW AUDIO FREQUENCIES. As capacitances are in parallel with so high impedances, they effectively shunt the CCS. As an example, this circuit work with a gain of almost 100 times, but the -3dB was at only 8KHz. Not for high quality audio reproduction.

Best regards.
 
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