F5 power amplifier

AndrewT said:
Let's assume we have been advised to use a 300VA 18Vac + 18Vac transformer for our ClassA power amplifier project.

The transformer manufacturer will stipulate that the transformer must be de-rated when feeding a capacitor input filter.
The usual de-rating factor is between 60% and 70%.

I'll use the 67% figure for this example.

The maximum voltage after the rectifier when the transformer is delivering maximum power is

~sqrt(2) * Vac -diode drop.
Our 18Vac secondary will give approximately 24Vpk, using a bridge rectifier on each secondary.
If mains ripple is low then that is the PSU output voltage.

We have available 67% of 300W @ +-24Vdc at the PSU output.
The maximum continuous current available is
Icont ~ 300 * 0.65 / [24+24] ~ 4.2Adc

Note the ratio between rated AC current and maximum continuous DC current (~ 2:1).

The transformer will run at the manufacturer's maximum rated temperature if one draws the maximum rated DC current.
De-rate by a further 50% to keep the transformer cool.

The cool running maximum DC current is ~25% of the AC rating.

So our 300VA, 8.3Aac transformer can supply 2.1Adc all day.
Well in excess of the 1.3A bias current of the F5.
A 6Aac transformer (225VA, 18+18Vac) can meet the 1.3A bias requirement.
11Aac (400VA 18+18Vac) will manage 2channels each @ 1.3A of Class A bias.

That is the minimum transformer size to meet the bias requirement alone.

I'm curious then, why the First Watt F5 uses a relatively small transformer?
 
Ex-Moderator R.I.P.
Joined 2005
I hope Nelson dont mind me saying this

FirstWatt product are priced very fairly
Certain compromises are considered to meet these cost requirements
Making stereo amps is one
Doing monoamps would simply be way too costly
Not many would pay that, considered the 25watt
We should also consider what kind of use they are best suited fore
Im certain these cost related "compromises" do not compromise sound quality in any way

I believe the F5 manual is aimed at the no compromise design

The possibility of building no compromise amps is one of the benefits of DIY
Just bear in mind that it may not improve sound quality as such

Though, we dont get the Nelson Pass signature :bawling: :)


Note again, a stereo amp might not be twice a monoamp, and a monoamp is not just half a stereo amp
Stereo amps and integrated are slightly compromised cost effective designs to meet the normal everyday requirements
Monoamps I consider non compromised all out designs to meet the most exstreme requirements
Ofcourse its possible to blend these
A stereo dual mono is one possibility

Note again, a non compromise design may be of benefit ONLY in most exstreme loads
I wouldnt be surpriced if the slightly "lighter" design has its own benefits when not loaded hard, in terms of sound quality
 
Obviously, when you build them you can use whatever transformer you want. You can use a 1000VA per channel if you so desire.

However, First Watt uses what appears to be a 300VA in their factory stereo F5, so it must be enough for someone to build a stereo unit here on this forum.

For gosh sakes the thing got a great review the way it is. I don't remember reading a part where the reviewer said he wished it had a bigger transformer. So that's good enough for me.
 
Formerly "jh6you". R.I.P.
Joined 2006
If I read the F5 owner's manual, it says that the power supply of +/-24 volts, 6 amps "continuous" duty and "more" than 10 amps peak per channel for the "tested" amplifier.

And, spec mentions "Output power stereo 8 ohms: 25 watts@1%THD, 1kHz" only. (pure class A)
And, fuse size 1.25 Amp for 240VAC main.
And, actually, F5 has the 300VA transformer.

For the big transformers, what are your AC main fuse sizes?

:)
 
AndrewT said:
so which is it that you use?
a 100W+100W amplifier powered by a 1kVA transformer
or
a 200W+200W amplifier powered by a 1kVA transformer
or
a 400W+400W amplifier powered by a 1kVA transformer.

I will answer "advice" by private Email, it's too far off topic to expand here.


If I remember correctly 60% of power is dissipated in the load and 40% in the output transistors.
This means you need a transformer that can supply around 1.66 times the power into the speaker.

So a 100watt RMS amp requires 160VA transformer.