How to improve marshall guitar amp with harsh overdrive?

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You can achieve a lot by modifying rest of the circuit. Basically a lot of the tone is based on shaping the frequency response in the first gain stage, in the tone control circuit, in the 2nd order filters and in the power amp. The O/D is basically just routing the signal through a moderately high bandwidth stage that clips. As is it would be pretty much "fuzz". A lot of the tone shaping towards "metal" territory takes place elsewhere in the circuit... However, modifying rest of the circuit will consequently have it's effects on the clean tone as well.

You might try boosting the treble (which is practictically achieved by limiting bass) very early in the path, before the clipping stage. Then you can cut the treble back in later stages. Think of it as pre-emphasis and post-de-emphasis with the distortion generation in-between. That gives you some independent control of the tone of the distortion. The basic guitar tone comes thru with treble boosted and then cut, relatively unaltered. The stages in between that generate complex harmonics start with the harmonics in the boosted treble, then those harmonics 'beat" against each other for interesting sounds, but the distortion generated inbetween the pre-emphasis and post-de-emphasis stages only gets its treble cut. The result is a mellower distortion without so much fizzy irritating treble.

You might also consider adding an early effects loop to just that channel, and putting the distortion diodes on a switch. You could try plugging in various compressors and/or real tube stomp-boxes at a more ideal point in the signal path instead of only at the guitar.

Just a few things to be mindful of. Using two tone stacks, before & after the clipping, is kind of my 'thing'...other equally valid opinions and techniques proliferate.
 
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