I seem to remember finding a pretty decent description on the Arcam site. As I recall (I really should go check, but I did not find it even after 10 minutes, so here goes from memory - subject to errors).
There were 5 current sources (I think) which would each be switched on and off to generate an average current out of each one.
There was also a randomizing process which added randomness to which samples would go to which current source.
Your question as to how many current sources you need to generate an n-bit signal is easy to answer. It is a function of how many levels you have (in this case two, zero and one) and how fast you are prepared to transition between the two. It is also a function of the frequency you are averaging at since at any one time, a single such switch will be either zero, one or in transition.
So, not knowing what DCS did, I think Arcam used 5 single bit DAC's with randomizing to minimize effects of mismatch.
Petter
There were 5 current sources (I think) which would each be switched on and off to generate an average current out of each one.
There was also a randomizing process which added randomness to which samples would go to which current source.
Your question as to how many current sources you need to generate an n-bit signal is easy to answer. It is a function of how many levels you have (in this case two, zero and one) and how fast you are prepared to transition between the two. It is also a function of the frequency you are averaging at since at any one time, a single such switch will be either zero, one or in transition.
So, not knowing what DCS did, I think Arcam used 5 single bit DAC's with randomizing to minimize effects of mismatch.
Petter
The DCs RingDAC is a compromise between bitstream type and classic multibit. It is still a sigma-delta but has a few bits of "real" D/A.
Building a 16 bit ringdac would require over 64k current sources and some incredible control logic.
It also needs oversampling to push what is basically dither outside of the audio band.
Building a 16 bit ringdac would require over 64k current sources and some incredible control logic.
It also needs oversampling to push what is basically dither outside of the audio band.
So I had to go and look some more ...
My previous posting may well be correct as far as Arcam is concerned and their implementation of DCS Ring DAC, but I went the extra mile and checked out the DCS site and they claimed 5 bits at 3MHz. No mention was made of the modulation method which I assume to be PWM with discrete steps. One way to get to 5 bits is to set up 32 currents to switch on and off.
DSD is 1 bit at 2.8MHz. If you had access to the data stream and fed it into your pre-amp directly, you would have the sound since you would hear the average as your system would not respond to the 2.8MHz square wave with odd transitions directly.
CD is 16 bit at 44.1KHz which is typically upsampled to 20 or 24 bits at 8 times that frequency at playback to try to go beyond the original data.
I have some WMA material which is 7.1 channels at 24/192 lossless
which will be interesting to hear once I have a 7.1 setup (which may well be never as I am contemplating 4.0 instead)
There are different advantages/disadvantages with each approach and a quick search on the web will reveal some of these tradeoffs.
Petter
My previous posting may well be correct as far as Arcam is concerned and their implementation of DCS Ring DAC, but I went the extra mile and checked out the DCS site and they claimed 5 bits at 3MHz. No mention was made of the modulation method which I assume to be PWM with discrete steps. One way to get to 5 bits is to set up 32 currents to switch on and off.
DSD is 1 bit at 2.8MHz. If you had access to the data stream and fed it into your pre-amp directly, you would have the sound since you would hear the average as your system would not respond to the 2.8MHz square wave with odd transitions directly.
CD is 16 bit at 44.1KHz which is typically upsampled to 20 or 24 bits at 8 times that frequency at playback to try to go beyond the original data.
I have some WMA material which is 7.1 channels at 24/192 lossless
which will be interesting to hear once I have a 7.1 setup (which may well be never as I am contemplating 4.0 instead)There are different advantages/disadvantages with each approach and a quick search on the web will reveal some of these tradeoffs.
Petter
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