It is critically important not to let the blue smoke escape from electronic apparatus. Blue smoke is the fundamental Stuff by which means electronic apparatus functions. When it escapes the apparatus is "Stuffed".
Additions, deletions and changes!
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Jan~August 2004: Scanned AORSM Vol's. 5~7 and 11~12, and slowly established them on-line. Only missing Vol. 13 now. Meanwhile, Dreamwater now limiting space to 10Mb - and full of AdWare crap, so "bye-bye"! Ditched them completely now! Schematics for vintage Pioneer valve receivers now available from Graham Dicker. More Mullard valve amp circuits added. |
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April 2003: Added scanned AORSM Vol. 3 - the eighth (of the series of fifteen) volume now available here. Meanwhile, adding to TV section and archiving ex eBay-Australia vintage radio pic's all the time. |
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Jan. 2003: After almost six months in preparation, and on behalf of colleagues John Hunter and Rod Humphris who provided the content material, opened new section entitled "Domestic TV in Australia", looking at vintage Australian TV's - the manufacturers, the sets themselves and the technology, from 1956 to the late 1960's. |
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2002: Added scanned 1948 Mingay's courtesy Paul Ledger, superb collection of Peter Pan, Astor/Airzone (1950's car radio) Service Manuals courtesy Rod Humphris, plus Mullard 20W amp article reprint. Spent ages finding new homes for 100Mb of radio "stuff" with now Yahoo!Briefcase making "changes" until a good friend came to the rescue. |
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2001: Many many switches in a series of "free" webspace providers as I "expanded". Added heaps; Pioneer valve receiver galleries, Oz vintage radio, UK vintage radio "Rosewood" article6AN8 amp article, and 6EA7/6EM7 Headphone Amp article. migrated again, from FloppyCentre to Yahoo!Briefcase, as FloppyCentre too became no longer free. Added notes from Luca Rossi on schematic file compression, and an unusual sort of Links page. |
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2000: Started "web-siting" mid-year, and switched ISP from OzEmail to Alphalink, to both save cost and increase site space in December. After months of work, achieved hit-rate of almost ten visitors a week, tho' seven of them were actually . . .me . . . |
Vintage Radio (and now TV) Stuff; now by far the majority and principal stuff here . . .
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Vintage Australian TV from the inception of TV in Australia in 1956 . . . | ||
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Vintage Radio Service Data; mostly Australian, but some U.K. stuff too. | ||
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Pioneer SM-Q300B (c.1964) | ||
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Classic CL (1952) | ||
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"Rosewood" Radiogram; "butchery" or "re-incarnation"! |
Valve Stuff; a couple of starter projects, from which the blue smoke has not so far escaped . . .
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A Triode-strapped Push-Pull EL34 Amplifier Design | ||
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A Headphone Amplifier Using 4GK5's | ||
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A Headphone Amplifier Using 6EA7/6EM7's | ||
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Super Triode Connected Amplifiers, by Hiroshi Uda | ||
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Notes on the EL36 Valve and its Audio Application | ||
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Push-Pull Amp using 6AN8, EL84/6BQ5 and Odd Output Transformers |
PA Stuff; my increasingly distant and unsavoury past . . . .
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ETI-466 200W/8ohm, 300W/4ohm Amplifier | ||
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The Quasi-Complimentary Topology | ||
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Series Connected Output Transistors | ||
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ETI-480 100W/4ohm - a very long-lived ETI
project! |
My Stuff: Stuff Wot Fitz Nowhere Else!
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Links to Friends, Colleagues and those I respect. |
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A Triode-strapped Push-Pull EL34 Amplifier Design A heap of fun making this one, as a joint project, (as is the text of the article), with my very dear friend and amplifier design mentor, Hugh Dean. Here's the circuit we ended up with, (kindly and most artfully redrawn for me by Canadian friend David Dlugos). Hugh has given me tremendous support and encouragement, and is a talented, passionate and gifted amplifier designer. He is a senior member of the Melbourne Audio Club, of which I'm also a member. He helped me get the article published in the Club's monthly magazine, a great honour for me I can assure you! Right now, Hugh and I are co-operating in a venture called Printed Electronics to launch the AKSA, a solid-state 50W amplifier which was designed quite unconventionally; by listening to it first, improving it iteratively, and reading the meters only second. Passionate audiophile, and collector of lost audiophile souls Adnan Arduman also hosts a biography of Hugh. |
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A PP Amp Using 6AN8, EL84/6BQ5 and an Odd Output Transformer
An odd experiment this. The objective was to see if a couple of 100V-line Public Address speaker transformers, which just happened to have taps in the theoretically right places to act as PP output transformers with Ultralinear taps, would actually work in practice. EL84's seemed to be suitable outputs at an appropriate power level, and in researching the literature of such circuits I came across a most interesting driver valve - the 6AN8 - for me another fortuitous find!
Update May 2003; a PP amp using 6CM5's and the Altronics M1113 transformers by contributor Grant Wills!
A 4GK5 Headphone Amplifier Design
My first effort with valves and a real Heath Robinson affair. But the circuit works and it gave me many hours of listening pleasure. I scored some NOS 4GK5's for A$0.30 each from Rockby a year or three back. A little 7 pin miniature (single triode) originally used as an RF amp in TV tuners. Only later did I see that high-end manufacturer Conrad-Johnson used 6GK5's in a megabuck pre-amp. "Well there ya go!" I thought, when I saw that! "Not so daft after all!" A year or so later I've pulled this treasure to bits following creation of a 6EA7/6EM7 single-ended beauty, that now I listen to all the time.
A 6EM7/6EA7 Headphone Amplifier Design
An exploration of single-ended sonics at about the pricing structure I can cope with; i.e. all but nothing! This amp uses a dual-dissimilar-triode, octal based "compactron" valve originally intended for the combined vertical oscillator and vertical output stages in a black and white TV. It makes a fine audio valve, for sure!
Super Triode Connected Amplifiers
Super Triode Connected amplifiers, STC's for short, are certainly an unusual topology. Essentially a single-ended design employing anode to grid negative feedback, but with a twist; the feedback resistor is replaced by a triode.
I've long been fascinated with the work of a brilliant and prolific Japanese designer, Hiroshi Uda. Hiroshi-san is exceptional, and an associate of well-known Japanese design guru Shin-ichi Kamijo.
Although I could barely understand the concepts involved in Horoshi-san's STC work, I spent many hours trying to help him with the English in his explanatory article. He did me the honour of crediting me for such meagre help, which I found very humbling. It wasn't until much later that I got a handle on the mode of operation of what at first glance appears to be a very straightforward circuit; in fact it is anything but. I saw it puzzling many of the top level JoeNetters too, in brief exchanges of e-mails year or two ago. Meanwhile, my own efforts at building one ran into problems and I bailed out - I had other things I wanted to do at the time - but others have had strong success with them and sing their praises confidently.
I've collected quite a number of those email conversations from the semi-public forum that is the Sound Practices derived email list, the JoeNet, and here present it by way of addendum, as sort of an "STC Digest".
A Pioneer SM-Q300B Restoration Project
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My first foray into restoration of a vintage unit - a lot of work but a nice looking and sounding unit at the end of it! I'm not planning on diverting into vintage equipment restoration big-time, but such things are fun "ongoing" and very relaxing projects to have going on the side. |
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Here is a copy of the article “Vintage HiFi Stereo AM Radio”, by Rodney Champness, from Silicon Chip, Sept. 1999, p53ff.; An interesting article, by a regular and respected vintage radio series contributor to Silicon Chip, including an excellent description of the background to AM stereo radio in Australia, and discussion on the restoration of an SM-B161. Regrettably a schematic isn’t included, but experienced folk will follow the block diagram that is. |
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I've gradually built up quite a collection of pictures of early Pioneer valve receivers. Why? Dunno. Just started collecting them, mainly pinched of eBay ad's and so forth. I also put such pictures in a "Gallery" - well, actually, I split it into Gallery 1 and Gallery 2.
Gallery 1 contains Models TX5A, AFT11, AFT12, SX34, SX34B, SR101, SX40, SX82, SM83, SX110 and SMQ140.
Gallery 2 contains Models SMB161, SM200, SMB200, SMB200A, SMB201, SMG204B, SMQ300, SMQ300B, TX400, ER420, SX1000TA and an unidentified FM-Multiplex Adaptor.
Please accept my apologies if you see one of your pictures here. I never saved details of their source so can't attribute them as I should. If you object to one of your pictures being here, please simply let me know and I'll be happy to either attribute it correctly, or remove it, as you advise. Conversely, and on a more positive note, I have but the briefest and sketchiest info on most if not all of the models covered. I'd love to hear from anyone who can help me add details, photo's and descriptions (and additional models) - technical info and <drool and dribble> schematics </drool and dribble> particularly welcome!
I haven't found much in the way of technical information on any of these units on the web at all. The very few schematics I do have are now here at Gallery 3.
Schematics Now Available! . . .Click here to see what Mr Graham Dicker has made available!
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A "Classic" Restoration Project An ongoing saga of another restoration project, a Classic radio from the early 1950's, full of trials and tribulations! |
The "Rosewood" Radiogram Re-incarnation Project
Faced with doing something useful and constructive with a large and very "loud" Aristone radiogram, otherwise of little real restoration value, I decided to cut it right down and reconstruct it as a "normal sized" tuner-amp. It features a 2W/ch single-ended 6BM8 audio output stage, so it was fun to work with this famous audio valve. But of particular note and interest with this project was the application of a woodgraining painting technique to the external cabinet surfaces, borrowed from my wife, Gai's, folkart painting studies. Gai did a superb job applying the technique to this project, and this "Rosewood" radio -(the inverted comma's because it's now in fact in mahogany tonings) - article covers the "How To" of the technique thoroughly.
ETI-466 High Power Solid-State Amplifier
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For a long time I was quite interested in putting together a public address system; my goal was to try and build one, literally from the ground up; everything that could be built I would build. Several years later I got to probably about 80% there, before finally it became more of a space-taker than something I still enjoyed tinkering with, and I dismantled or gave most of the sections away. But while I was doing that, I gravitated toward the amplifier side of things, and became fascinated with seeing how much “power” I could cram into a standard 3RU box. I good friend, long involved in professional audio, Guy White, introduced me to the workhorse amp he had started with back in his day; the ETI-466, and with his guidance I built several. This article includes links to the complete original article, ETI466 "The Brute", by Barry Wilkinson and an article by David Eather. This two part article would have to be one of the best, practical orientated, easily readable articles on Class AB solid-state output stage design I've ever read, and I highly recommend it. The Playmaster 300 from Electronics Australia was a competing contemporary of the ETI466. This 200W/8R, 300W/4R module is every bit as interesting as the ETI466; the design principles are the same but there are several significantly different aspects; the layout of the physical design for one thing, and the provision of a quasi-complimentary option for another! |
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Direct access to the files downloadable in this section.
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Series Device Output Stage Topology
(article retired 8/00)
Another of those "too much time on 'is hands, tut, tut" ones. Oh dear! I can't help it! Again this was back in my "PA" days, where the parameter of "more power" dominated (almost) all design thinking.
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SeriesOutputs.zip - This section was withdrawn from service 8/00 and now resides here as this zipped .pdf file |
The Quasi-Complimentary Output Stage Topology - A History and Review
(article retired 11/00)
An article that never quite got started and never quite got finished, and one that reveals my solid-state background, long before I got into valve stuff. The "quasi-comp" has interested me for years. I don't really know why; as a topology it promises much but is fundamentally flawed. Sometime after my last stab at this text, (it's the sort of thing that I haul out of the closet once a year or so, on a rainy afternoon, add a paragraph to, get sick of really quickly, and toss back in its hole again), I found that some Phase Linear amplifiers, to this day well accepted in (some?) audiophile circles, were in fact quasi-comp's. Ugleee! I had a wry chuckle at that, for sure!
I still think that the quasi-complimentary topology has a place - a couple in fact (don't be rude...). The first is in high power musical instrument and public address amplification, in conjunction with other topology variants not normally used in domestic Hi-Fi. The second idea, which I'd like to have a bit of a look at, is in Class A. The Achilles Heel of the conventionally Class AB quasi-comp is the gross crossover discontinuity. In Class A there isn't a crossover discontinuity at all. Hmmmmm.
The figures referenced in this article have come out very poorly. Despite hours of effort I haven't figured out how to quickly, (and, ahem, cheaply), extract images I drew a few years back using Windraft, and then save them as jpeg's. These are scans of quite good prints from the Windraft files, but they're still not the best.
This section was withdrawn from service 11/00 and is now available as the files QuasiComp.zip, Figures123.zip, [460kb] and Figures456.zip [490kb].
The EL36 / 6CM5
Valve; Data, Applications and Notes The EL36 (6CM5) is, I feel, quite an interesting valve. It's a
dime-a-dozen type that was used in horizontal output stages in TV's. I haven't
actually done anything with them yet, but I'm looking and thinking. Here are my
notes and such stuff as I've been able to collect so far on this unrecognised
"wonder" . . . . I keep looking at the various options for construction of an
OTL (Output Transformerless) valve amplifier. As soon as I get into each one
though, the gross difficulties start appearing overwhelming. I reached the same
type of "it's all to hard" conclusions when chasing Class D from an amateur
constructor's point of view, a few years back!
Lin.zip –
The original article by H.C. Lin, a research engineer for RCA
Laboratories, Princeton, N.J. in the USA. “Quasi-complimentary Transistor
Amplifier”, Electronics, Sept. 1956, p173ff. Because of the paper’s title,
and because the circuit that Lin describes is a quasi-complimentary
topology, the “Lin” topology is sometimes used to mean
“quasi-complimentary” when applied to describe the output stage. But in
fact Lin used two PNP’s as the upper and lower halves of his output stage
simply because suitable NPN’s just weren’t on offer; his design is not
dependant on an all-PNP or all-anything output pair, and there’s no doubt
he would have used a complimentary pair had such been available. Thus the
“Lin” circuit is more properly a suitable name for the generic Class AB
output topology found in almost all solid-state amplifiers since his time,
quasi or full complimentary.
Shaw.zip –
“Quasi-complimentary Output Stage Modification – A single diode used to
overcome distortion at low listening levels”, I. M. Shaw of Wellbrook
Engineering Electronics Ltd., Wireless World, June 1969, p265. Shaw
describes the addition of what later became known as the “Baxandall Diode”
to make the lower half of the output stage appear to have the same input
impedance as the upper half.
Bax.zip –
Having read Shaw’s article, Baxandall comments that he too had been
working along the same lines. His circuit shifts the position of the diode
ever-so-slightly and describes the improved performance of the alternate
positions by succinct experiment and measurement. Peter Baxandall was a
gargantuan talent and carried immense respect. His name and work is found
in any general electronic textbook, at least in the section on filters and
tone controls. I. M. Shaw was little known. The diode is called the
“Baxandall”, not the “Shaw”.
QuadTriple.zip
– “Low Distortion Class B Output – New approach to the problem of
cross-over distortion in transistor audio power amplifiers”, Wireless
World, April 1968, p67. The Quad (a.k.a. The Acoustical Manufacturing
Company) triple was incidentally a quasi-complimentary output stage. It
had input impedance symmetry, with both halves of the output stage
appearing as a single b-e junction. The triple arrangement also conferred
temperature stability advantages.
Here are various scrounged EL36 and related type data files as
.pdf's;
ETI-480 50/8, 100W/4 the Longest Commercially Available Amp Kitset in the World
(article retired 11/00)
I reckon the ETI-480 deserves a real place in history, currently completely unstated and unacknowledged. By today's standards for conventional Class AB solid-state amplifiers, the ETI-480 is appallingly rude and crude. The 2N3055/MJ2955 output pair, while universally known and acknowledged, is poor fodder by modern standards, and I've never heard a soul refer to the design as particularly innovative or unusual. So what's so special?
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Well, I'd say that 50% of every living Australian electronics technician who's ever whacked an amplifier kit together, has probably built one. The number built I can only guess at, but it must run to the tens and tens and tens of thousands. I've read that they've been used to drive chart table servo's, PA systems, guitar amps, Hi-Fi's - you name it! |
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You CAN blow ETI480's up, but it's not THAT easy to do, and they blow "predictably" and are easy and tolerant to repair. I'd love to hear about another kit of such popularity and 25 year continuous commercial longevity! Any kit? Anywhere in the world? |
The ETI-480 first appeared in ETI December 1976 in Australia. Supply as a kit has been uninterrupted from one or more of the retail electronics suppliers Jaycar, Rod Irving, Altronics or Dick Smith (at least) ever since. While I concede most have dropped it in the last year or two, I saw it available in the kits section of a local Dick Smith store in May 2001 - a quarter of a century of continuous commercial availability after introduction!. All of this time the raw PCB's have been available from EA/ETI/SC PCB supplier RCS in Sydney too, and boy, they must've sold a few!
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It is simple, reliable, utterly stable, and all but idiot-proof, considered from the novice constructor's point of view. For the more experienced and border-line insane, it's a diamond in the rough too. I know I've uprated to 150W into 8 Ohms, using MJ15003/MJ15004's and driver and related changes, with ease, and two such units in bridge were quite OK at 250W into 8 ohms. Here's a brief article, entitled "The ETI-480 Amp Module - Barefoot and Bridged", from "ETI Circuits No. 4" from 1983, indicating possibilities to over 350W into 8Ohms from a bridged, uprated pair! |
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This section has now been withdrawn from active service and now survives as a series of zipped .pdf files, which you are free to download for the purposes of private study, etc. etc.
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ETI480.zip - my ramblings about how I think it works, mathematically and technically. Sort of a learning exercise for me when I first became interested in amplifier designs. |
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ETI480App1.zip - Appendix I - SOAR calculation tabulated results. |
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ETI480DiffAmp.zip - Particular study of the input differential amp. |
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ETI480App2_1.zip - the text of the original ETI article. |
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ETI480App2_2.zip - diagrams from the original ETI article. |
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ETI480App2_3.zip - photos from the original ETI article. |
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ETI480App3_1.zip - brief semiconductor data for some of the devices used. |
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So Who Designed the ETI480? In July 2001 I finally had solved for me what, for me at least, was a most vexing question. Who designed the ETI480? The ETI article that the project appears as, makes no mention at all of the designer or contributor. Frank Seifert, from Adelaide, emailed me after finding my website mention of the '480; |
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"Like everyone else, I built dozens of these for all sorts of applications, over many years since the article first came out. There is absolutely no doubt that it was Graham Dicker, who wrote the original article for ETI. Graham is a 50-year-old electronics genius residing in Coromandel Valley, a suburb some 20km South-East of Adelaide. I have known him since high school days and was aware of his prototyping of the ETI480 at the time, prior to selling the project as a contribution to ETI. Some confusion as to the origins of the circuit have arisen due to subsequent use by various commercial organisations and magazines - some claiming credit for the design. I assure you that this rather odd, simple, but great performer was Graham's brainchild - as was the DIGI-125 that followed."
Frank owns and runs Powertech Australia, specialising in specific guitar pedal modifications He went on to say; "Like myself, Graham works from home and in between enjoying a wife and kids - as we do - he has many interests. Over here in South Australia, he's a bit of a legend! The youngest ever to get his full Amateur and Broadcast Operators Certificate of Proficiency, he went on to play with esoteric audio design and was one of the first to try current-dumping techniques. He made amp's from 3-terminal voltage regulators, built electrostatic speakers and never lost his love of valve audio. He did actually get a bridged set of ETI480 amp's to pump out 400Wrms! Whether or not the output transistors were bathed by liquid nitrogen at the time is unclear!!!" "Graham also has a webpage - and very comprehensive it is too. You can see that he is into audio, RF, computers and even model trains. Typical of the guy, he realised that the Rola company was defunct and no-one was using the name - so he registered it and offers "Rola" products. He makes his main living as a qualified Microsoft service engineer. When you realise that this guy is largely self-taught, his knowledge and list of achievements are amazing." Naturally I subsequently took the opportunity to introduce myself to Graham via email, and Graham explained the details of the ETI480's authorship, as a progressive development of foundation work by talented designer and prolific ETI amplifier project contributor David Tillbrook; "Dave Tillbrook and I were involved in the ETI480. Dave originally worked on the ETI413, its predecessor, and the original 50 Watt amp. My involvement was in the bug fixing of the original design and the upgrades firstly to 100 Watts using the paralleled 2N3055/MJ2955's, and then the high powered versions including the bridging options etc. all of which ETI published. The mistakes made in the ETI480 were fixed in my DIGI-125, a really nice sounding simple amp with an output of up to 200Wrms from a single pair of output transistors." The full biosketch for this prolific designer is a most interesting read. | |||||
Good friend Rod Humphris lent me his copies of "The Australian Official Radio Service Manual" long enough for me to scan or copy, for which I'm most grateful. These cover many but certainly not all Australian brands and models. The schematics and service notes I can thus make available are keyed from the following table of links. I've also added sections from a 1948 copy of "Mingay's I.F.", generously leant to me by Paul Ledger, and additional materials - an incredible selection of Electronic Industries (a.k.a. Eclipse a.k.a. Peter-Pan) Service Manuals also courtesy of Rod Humphris. A big thankyou too to dedicated enthusiast Steve Rosenfeld, of Manahawkin, New Jersey, U.S.A., who has compiled this AORSM model index - currently of Volumes 1~11 plus 14, and graciously allowed me to post his work here. (I'm also most grateful to Steve for his efforts and patience checking and testing the accessibility of the hundreds of individual download pages in the various brand sections tabulated below).
| Aeradio | Aegis | Airchief | Airway | Airzone | Aristocrat see also Tecnico |
| Astor | Autovox | AWA & Fisk Radiola |
Beale | BGE see Genalex |
Breville |
| Brico | Briton | Cadet | Calstan | Chieftain | Classic |
| Columbus | Conlon | Crammond | Crosby | Croyden | Democrat |
| Denradio | Diason | Eclipse | Eclipse-Croyden | Electronic
Industries car radios, mainly Astor and Airchief | |
| Electrosound | Ferris | Fleetwood | Genalex | Genie | Gulbransen |
| Healing | HMV | Hotpoint-Bandmaster including AGE, Hotpoint and Bandmaster |
Imperial | Juno and Planet | |
| Kelvinator | KGH | Kresta | Kriesler | Lekmek | Malvern Star |
| Marshman | Masteradio | Monarch | Mullard including Master Radio |
Music-Master | National in Qld. a.k.a. Lincoln |
| Operatic | Oxford | Peal | Peter Pan | Philco | Philips |
| Precedent | Pye | Queen | Rymola | Southern Cross | Sterling |
| STC | Stromberg-Carlson | President-Tasma including Tasma and President |
Tela Verta | ||
| Tecnico-Aristocrat including Tecnico see also Aristocrat |
Titan | Ultimate | Velco | Weldon | |
| Windsor | Westinghouse | ||||
I also have some c. 1946~1952 U.K. model data, from a volume of "Radio Engineers' Servicing Manual", E. Malloy, Ed., Newnes, 1952. Malcolm Bennett of Vintage Radio, who offers an extensive vintage radio data sheet supply service, advised me that in total there were around 30 books in this series! They were issued from the late 40's early 50's through to the 70's, with one or two volumes per year.
Malcolm himself provides much more extensive data however, from what are called "Trader" Service Sheets. Each contains considerably more information than a typical entry in the Radio Engineers' Service Manual volumes ever did. Trader Service Sheets were produced at two a week inserted into a trade magazine for radio repairers called "The Trader" and in total there are around 3000 of these produced from the early 30's through to the 70's.
I thoroughly recommend Malcolm's service, and if you're looking for comprehensive data on vintage radio models of all kinds, his website is definitely a key port of call.
For copies of the less fulsome data contained in the RESM volume I have, as .gif's via email, email me and I'll scan such as is available for you. The links contained in the table below show which models there is information for. There's no charge, but only the models listed can be supplied; please don't be asking re any others!
Me Stuff
I've drifted from audio as a hobby, to a humble career in TV repair, to public address audio as an amateur, then amplifier design, then off to valve amplifier land (I retain a particular interest in "hybrid" amp design), and more recently valve radios (more the provision of an on-line circuit database for, than the actual practical restoration of). The hallmark of all my efforts however is a grossly minimalist budget; my goal is achieving 80% of the best that's technically and sonically possible, but at just 20% of the cost. I do believe there's a place for such things. Meanwhile, the preservation of historical materials has always struck a chord with me - an interest that most recently has married well with a simplistic fondness for the look and feel of majestic old radios.
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to Friends, Colleagues and those for whom I have a great deal of respect. Comments and thoughts (and help!) with what I've done here VERY welcome! |
Now 8 1/2, Jordan 'Black-head the Buccaneer' Cambie continues his Grade 2 year at school with his "you-beaut" pirate outfit, all ready for "Pirate's day". Arrrrrrgh, Jim-lad, methinks all that's missing is the stuffed parrot . . .  |
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A final word of thanks to the many friends who have helped me, so freely with their time and energy, both to prepare and present these projects, and the content of this website. I am constantly and starkly aware that without a huge amount of help I'd have been dead in the water with this rambling (as Hugh accurately but too-kindly puts it) website, a hundred times over. Amongst them are mentors Hugh Dean and Rod Humphris, and those who have selflessly helped, usually at critical moments when I thought I was stuck good and proper; Paul Ledger, Brian Smith, and Michael Carden. But there are many many others, and I also must mention Luca Rossi particularly; his revelations on file compression techniques have had a big, big impact! |
